华北平原冬小麦农田蒸散动态变化及其影响因子的通径分析  

Dynamic Change of Evapotranspiration of Winter Wheat Farmland in North China Plain and Passage Analysis of Influencing Factors

作　　者：许俊东 张心如 关钧元 王荣英 刘馨 XU Jun-dong;ZHANG Xin-ru;GUAN Jun-yuan;WANG Rong-ying;LIU Xin(Hengshui Meteorological Bureau,Hengshui 053000,China;Raoyang National Climate Observatory,Hengshui 053900,China)

机构地区：[1]衡水市气象局,河北衡水053000 [2]饶阳国家气候观象台,河北衡水053900

出　　处：《山东农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第2期209-214,共6页Journal of Shandong Agricultural University：Natural Science Edition

摘　　要：针对华北平原冬小麦麦区,利用中口径蒸渗仪对冬小麦蒸散ET变化规律进行研究,通过通径分析法,确定影响冬小麦农田蒸散的直接和间接影响因子。结果表明:冬小麦全生育期裸地和麦地累积蒸散量分别为136.74 mm和326.26 mm,蒸散强度分别为0.59 mm/d和1.41 mm/d。冬小麦越冬期蒸散量最少,仅占全生育期的5.63%,返青期至灌浆期是麦地蒸散量最大的时期,此时期麦地蒸散量为238.77mm,占总蒸散量的73.19%,蒸散强度为2.49 mm/d,相对裸地增加了2.41倍。各发育期蒸散强度表现为拔节期>抽穗开花期>灌浆期>返青起身期>越冬前>成熟期>越冬期。冬小麦日蒸散量变化规律表现为早晚低、中午高的“单峰型”曲线特征。通径分析表明,平均相对湿度、日辐射辐照度和日照时数对麦地蒸散的影响程度最大,日辐射辐照度与日平均气温对麦地蒸散的直接作用最大。The evapotranspiration dynamic law of Winter Wheat in the North China Plain was studied by means of mid-bore transpiration meter,and the correlation between ET and various influencing factors of winter wheat transpiration was discussed by means of path analysis method.The results showed that the accumulated evapotranspiration of bare land and wheat field during the whole growth period of winter wheat was 136.74 mm and 326.26 mm respectively,and the daily average evaporation was 0.59 mm/d and 1.41 mm/d respectively.The evapotranspiration of Winter Wheat during wintering period is the least,accounting for 5.63%of the whole growth period.The period from rejuvenation period to grouting period is the period in which the evaporation of winter wheat is the largest,accounting for 238.77mm,accounting for 73.19%of the total water consumption.The evaporation intensity is 2.49mm/d,which increases by 2.41 times compared with bare land.The evapotranspiration intensity of each development stage was as follows:jointing stage>heading and flowering stage>grouting stage>turning green and rising stage>before wintering>maturing stage>wintering period.The variation regularity of daily evapotranspiration of winter wheat is characterized by a"single peak"curve with low morning and evening and high noon.Path analysis showed that the average relative humidity,daily radiation irradiance and sunshine hours had the greatest impact on winter wheat farmland evapotranspiration,and the daily radiation irradiance and daily average temperature had the greatest direct effect on winter wheat farmland evapotranspiration.

关 键 词：冬小麦 蒸散量 通径分析 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]