金代黄河水患成因探析——以宋金交替派生的流民问题为主线  

An Analysis of the Causes of the Yellow River Flood in Jin Dynasty:Focusing on the Refugee Problem During the Transition between Song Dynatsty and Jin Dynasty

作　　者：夏宇旭[1] XIA Yu-xu

机构地区：[1]吉林师范大学历史文化学院,四平136000

出　　处：《原生态民族文化学刊》2022年第3期18-30,153,共14页Journal of Ethnic Culture

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“辽金移民与北方生态环境变迁及治理研究”(17BZS048)。

摘　　要：黄河的水环境具有其独特性,不仅含沙量大,而且含硝、含盐量也高,致使仰仗黄河为生的各民族都必须在其民族文化的建构中做出积极的应对,才能在黄河流域繁衍生息。金朝的女真人对此缺乏基本理解,尤其对于中原农耕文明的生态系统不够重视,以致在确立女真人统治地位的同时,无意中派生了始料未及的汉族流民的规模性扩大。加之,对流民抚慰的失控,如对流民耕垦山地和滩地的放纵,导致黄河水患频发。此前学者将金代的黄河水患归因于气候变迁、人口超载、政治腐败等,虽然都有其价值,但却并不全面。从文化生态协同演进的视角,去探讨其间的因果关系,也许更能够做到较为接近历史的真相。The water environment of the Yellow River is unique with its high sand content and high nitrate and salt contentso the people who depend on the Yellow River for their livelihood have to be active in the construction of their national culture in order to flourish in the Yellow River basin.However,the Jurchen in Jin Dynasty lacked a basic understanding of this situation,especially did not pay attention to the ecosystem of the Central Plains farming civilization.As a result,with the Jurchen establishing its dominance,the unexpecting expansion of the scale of Han refugees together with the lack of control over comforting the refugees,such as indulging the refugees to cultivate the mountains and beach land,results in frequent flooding of the Yellow River.Previous scholars have a,ttributed the Yellow River flood of Jin Dynasty to climate change,population overload,and poli-ical corruptionall of which have values but are incomplete.It would be possible to get closer to the historical truth to explore the cause and effect of it from the perspective of synergistic evolution of cultural ecology.

关 键 词：金代 流民 黄河水患 生态环境 

分 类 号：C952[社会学—民族学]