不同秸秆还田对冬闲期农田杂草多样性的影响  

Effects of different straw return measures on segetal weed diversity in the winter fallow period

作　　者：桂浩然 王建 董雄德 陈丽 黄雅祺 陈志杰 韩士杰 GUI Haoran;WANG Jian;DONG Xiongde;CHEN Li;HUANG Yaqi;CHEN Zhijie;HAN Shijie(International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology,School of Life Sciences,Henan University,Kaifeng 475004,China;Taohuayu Yellow River Tidal Flat Systems Observation and Research Station of Henan Province,Xingyang 450100,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省全球变化生态学国际联合实验室,河南大学生命科学学院,河南开封475004 [2]河南省桃花峪黄河滩涂系统野外科学观测研究站,河南荥阳450100

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2022年第4期746-754,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41930643)。

摘　　要：为研究玉米(Zea mays)、花生(Arachis hypogaea)和大豆(Glycine max)的秸秆还田措施对冬闲期杂草多样性的影响,本文通过杂草物种调查和秸秆移除、秸秆全量还田及双倍秸秆还田控制实验,定量比较玉米、花生、大豆3种作物的田间杂草发生及多样性。研究结果表明:冬闲期间,大豆地田间杂草多样性在秸秆还田处理下显著增加36.0%,而玉米地杂草多样性在双倍秸秆添加时显著下降了71.6%,且二者田间杂草区系的差异随着秸秆添加量的增大而扩大(双倍秸秆还田时二者的Bray-Curtis距离达到0.72),花生地杂草区系对秸秆还田的响应并不显著;不同秸秆还田类型和秸秆还田量对土壤碳氮的影响不同;冬闲期杂草群落多样性变化并不会影响来年生长季杂草的发生。因此,根据不同的作物类型科学地进行秸秆还田处理可控制农田生态系统多样性,平衡土壤碳氮。To explore the effects of maize(Zea mays),peanut(Arachis hypogaea),and soybean(Glycine max)straw return measures on weed diversity in the winter fallow period,the weed occurrence and diversity in maize,peanut,and soybean were quantitatively compared through a weed species investigation and controlled experiment of straw removal,full straw return,and double straw return.The study produced several important results:the weed diversity in the soybean field was significantly increased by 36.0%under double straw addition,while that in the corn field was significantly decreased by 71.6%.Furthermore,the difference of weed flora between soybean and corn field was amplified with the increase in the amount of straw addition(the Bray–Curtis distance between the two cases was 0.72 under double straw addition).The response of peanut to straw return was not significant.Different straw qualities and quantities had different effects on soil carbon and nitrogen.The change in weed community diversity during the fallow period did not affect the development of weeds in subsequent growing season.Therefore,scientific methods of straw return according to different crop types can control the diversity of the farmland ecosystem.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 冬闲期 田间杂草 土壤化学计量比 聚类分析 生物多样性 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护] S141.4