不同绿肥作物的腐解特性及氮磷钾释放规律  

Decomposition characteristics and release law of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of different green manures

作　　者：朱吉风 蒋美艳[1] 周熙荣[1] 张俊英[1] 江建霞 杨立勇[1] 李延莉[1] 王伟荣[1] ZHU Jifeng;JIANG Meiyan;ZHOU Xirong;ZHANG Junying;JIANG Jianxia;YANG Liyong;LI Yanli;WANG Weirong(Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所,上海201403

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2022年第2期1-5,共5页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31901502);“科技创新行动计划”国内科技合作项目(20025800100)。

摘　　要：采用网袋装埋方式模拟水田环境,研究了油菜、紫云英、紫花苜蓿、蚕豆和豌豆5种绿肥的腐解及养分释放特性。结果表明:5种绿肥的腐解速率均在15 d内较快,且累积腐解率均大于50%;15 d后,腐解速率逐渐减慢,试验结束时,油菜、蚕豆、豌豆、紫云英和紫花苜蓿的累积腐解率分别为72.8%、83.2%、77.7%、83.8%和87.8%。5种绿肥在10 d内钾迅速释放,15 d内氮磷释放较快,之后各元素释放速率减慢。5种绿肥的养分累积释放率均表现为钾最高,在处理60 d时,5种绿肥钾的相对释放量表现为紫云英>油菜>紫花苜蓿>豌豆>蚕豆。4种豆科绿肥氮的相对释放量高于磷,而油菜氮磷的相对释放量相当;在处理60 d时,4种豆科绿肥氮的相对释放量均高于油菜,而磷的相对释放量低于油菜。The decomposition and nutrient release characteristics of 5 green manures(rape,Chinese milk vetch,alfalfa,broad bean and pea)were studied by using net bag embedding method to simulate paddy field environment.The results showed that the decomposition rate of the 5 green manures was faster within 15 days,and the cumulative decomposition rate was more than 50%.After 15 days,the decomposition rate gradually slowed down;at the end of the experiment,the cumulative decomposition rates of rape,broad bean,pea,Chinese milk vetch and alfalfa were 72.8%,83.2%,77.7%,83.8%and 87.8%respectively.Potassium(K)of the 5 green manures released rapidly within 10 d,and nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)released faster within 15 d,and then the release rate of each element slowed down.The cumulative release rates of potassium of the 5 green manures were the highest.When treated for 60 days,the relative release amount of potassium of the 5 green manures showed Chinese milk vetch>rapeseed>alfalfa>pea>broad bean.The relative release amount of nitrogen of the 4 leguminous green manures was more than that of phosphorus,while the relative release amount of nitrogen and phosphorus of rape was the same.When treated for 60 days,the relative release amount of nitrogen of the 4 legume green fertilizers was more than that of rape,while the relative release amount of phosphorus was less than that of rape.

关 键 词：绿肥 腐解特性 养分释放特性 

分 类 号：S142[农业科学—肥料学]