1873—1896年中西欧经济慢性萧条探析  

Research on the Europe's Economic Chronic Depression from 1873 to 1896

作　　者：朱华进 ZHU Hua-jin(College of Ethnology and Sociology of GuangXi University for Nationalities,Nanning 530006,China)

机构地区：[1]广西民族大学民族学与社会学学院,广西南宁530006

出　　处：《青海师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第4期62-71,共10页Journal of Qinghai Normal University（Social Sciences）

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第68批面上资助项目“贸易战与19世纪晚期欧洲大国关系研究”(2020M683621XB)。

摘　　要：1873—1896年慢性萧条作为1929—1933年经济危机之前欧洲面临最严重的一次经济危机,是70年代前后欧洲经济虚假繁荣、美俄等农业生产大国“谷物大入侵”和制造业倾销等因素综合作用的产物。这场本质而言是“通货大紧缩”的经济慢性萧条,首先表现为金融秩序迅速崩溃,更引人瞩目的是农业持续萧条,也包括制造业不景气。1873—1896年经济慢性萧条影响欧洲大陆的经济和政治发展路径,加速欧洲农业的现代化转型,催化欧陆整体从自由贸易迈向贸易保护主义,贸易政策的博弈同时推动欧洲大国政治生态朝着保守化的方向调整,在某种程度加剧帝国主义之间的矛盾,成为一战爆发的经济根源之一。The chronic depression from 1873 to 1896 was the most serious economic crisis that Europe faced before the economic crisis of 1929 to 1933.It was a combination of factors such as the false prosperity of the European economy around the 1870s,the"grain invasion"of major agricultural producers such as the United States and Russia,and dumping of manufacturing industries.This chronic economic depression,which is essentially a"great deflation,"was first manifested in the rapid collapse of the financial order,and even more striking was the continued depression of agriculture,and at the same time,it was manifested in the recession of the manufacturing industry.The chronic economic depression from 1873 to 1896 directly affected the economic and political development path of the European continent,including accelerated the modernization of European agriculture,cataly the transition of the European continent from free trade to trade protectionism,and the game of trade policies while promoting the political ecology of European powers.The adjustment of the direction of conservatism and to some extent aggravated the contradictions between imperialism became one of the economic roots of the outbreak of World War I.

关 键 词：慢性萧条 1873—1896年 中西欧 贸易保护主义 政治转向 

分 类 号：K504[历史地理—历史学]