“天问一号”近火飞越应急轨控策略设计方法  

Design Method of Emergency Orbit Control Strategy for Tianwen-1’s Mars Flyby

作　　者：梁伟光[1,2] 张宇 张尧[1,2] LIANG Weiguang;ZHANG Yu;ZHANG Yao(Beijing Aerospace Control Center,Beijing 100094,China;Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aerospace Flight Dynamics,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航天飞行控制中心,北京100094 [2]航天飞行动力学重点实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《深空探测学报（中英文）》2022年第2期211-216,共6页Journal Of Deep Space Exploration

基　　金：国家重大科学工程资助项目;国家自然科学基金资助项目(11773004);省部级重点基金资助项目。

摘　　要：针对探测器近火未制动飞越火星的应急工况,设计了相应的轨控策略。通过分析探测器近火飞越时的火星引力助推加速效果,以及飞越火星后轨道长期演化情况,提出了从轨控能量和等待时间两个维度开展策略设计的思路,设计了能量优化、时间优化、能量时间代价折中等分支下的多种策略,通过理论分析和仿真验证,量化比较了各策略的优缺点,得出能量优化和时间优化可以作为首选方案的结论。所设计的应急策略保障了首次火星探测任务近火捕获在可控情况下稳妥实施,相关的研究方法和结论能够为飞控决策和应急控制提供技术支持及量化参考,并可扩展至相似背景的其他行星探测任务中。Orbit control strategy was designed for emergency condition of Mars flyby after non-implementation of approach braking.By analyzing acceleration effect of gravity boost during Mars flyby and long-term evolution of the orbit after the flyby,the strategy design was determined from two dimensions of orbital control energy and waiting time.On this basis,several strategies were designed under the branches of energy optimization,time optimization and energy time cost compromise.Advantages and disadvantages of each strategy were quantitatively compared after theoretical analysis and simulation verification.It is concluded that energy optimization and time optimization can be the first choices.The designed emergency strategy guaranteed successful approach braking implementation under control in the first Mars exploration missions of China.Research methods and conclusions can provide technical support and quantitative reference for flight control decisions and emergency control,and can be extended to other planetary exploration missions with similar background.

关 键 词：天问一号 近火飞越 引力助推 应急轨控策略 能量优化 时间优化 

分 类 号：V412.41[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程] V448.232