钾肥施用量对中低肥力果园火龙果养分吸收和产质量的影响  

Effect of Potassium Application on Nutrient Absorption,Yield and Quality of Hylocereus undatus in Medium and Low Fertility Orchards

作　　者：李莉婕[1,2] 赵泽英 王虎[1] 岳延滨[1] 王小红[1] 聂克艳 杨珊[3] 袁玲 LI Lijie;ZHAO Zeying;WANG Hu;YUE Yanbin;WANG Xiaohong;NIE Keyan;YANG Shan;YUAN Ling(Guizhou Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Information,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006;College of Resource and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715;Luodian Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Luodian,Guizhou 550100,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科技信息研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [2]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715 [3]罗甸县农业农村局,贵州罗甸550006

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2022年第4期8-14,共7页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科研机构创新能力建设专项资金项目“精品水果果园数字化管理创新平台建设”[黔科合服企(2021)15号];国家自然科学基金项目“水分胁迫下火龙果茎枝生长模拟研究”[31460319]。

摘　　要：【目的】为中、低肥力果园火龙果科学施肥提供技术和理论依据。【方法】2018-2020年在贵州省火龙果典型产区罗甸县进行定株施肥试验,设置5个施钾肥处理:CK(仅施有机肥)、K_(0)(0 g/桩)、K_(1)(150 g/桩)、K_(2)(300 g/桩)、K_(3)(450 g/桩),统计火龙果周年产量,测定植株养分浓度和果实品质指标,分析不同施钾水平火龙果的养分分配与产量品质。【结果】火龙果各器官氮、磷、钾养分积累均随施钾量的增加呈先升后降趋势,茎蔓、果肉和果皮中的养分含量均表现为钾>氮>磷。中肥力果园,随施钾量增加火龙果产量呈先升后降趋势,且随时间推移,肥料效应更为显著;低肥力果园,施钾肥较不施钾肥产量增加显著,但钾肥用量对产量影响不明显。中、低肥力果园连续3年施钾肥,各施钾处理(K_(1)~K_(3))产量较未施钾肥的处理(K_(0))分别提高4.8%~21.66%、20.72%~26.35%。施用钾肥能够促进火龙果维生素C含量的积累、提高果实的可溶性糖含量。【结论】中、低肥力果园施钾肥能保证火龙果较高的产量和果实品质,适宜的钾肥施用量为300 g/桩。【Objective】To provide technical and theoretical basis for its scientific fertilization on Hylocereus undatus in medium and low fertility orchards.【Method】The potassium fertilizer experiment was carried out in Luodian County,where is an typical pitaya production area,from 2018 to 2020.Five fertilization treatments were set:CK(applying organic fertilizer only),K_(0)(0 g/pile),K_(1)(150 g/pile),K_(2)(300 g/pile),K_(3)(450 g/pile).The total yield of each year was counted,the nutrient concentration of plants and fruit quality indicators were determined,and the nutrients distribution,yield and quality of H.undatus with different fertilization treatment were analyzed.【Result】Nutrient accumulation of N,P and K in various organs of H.undatus first increased and then decreased with the increase of potassium application.The nutrient contents in stem,pulp and peel were all K>N>P.In medium-fertility orchards,the yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of potassium application rate,and with time going by,the fertilizer effect was more significant.In low-fertility orchards,the yield increased significantly with potassium fertilizer application compared with no potassium fertilization,but the amount of potassium fertilizer isn’t obviously effective in yield.The three-year fertilization treatments(K_(1)~K_(3))in medium and low fertility orchard compared with K_(0) increased the yield by 4.8%~21.66%and 20.72%~26.35%respectively.Applying potassium fertilizer could promote the accumulation of vitamin C content and soluble sugar content in fruit.【Conclusion】Potassium fertilization in medium and low fertility orchard can assure higher yield and fruit quality,and the appropriate potassium fertilizer application rate is 300 g/pile.

关 键 词：火龙果 钾肥 养分浓度 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学]