黏土改良对火龙果生长及光合特性的影响  

Effects of Clay Improvement on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Hylocereus undatus

作　　者：王虎 王小红 聂克艳 李莉婕 童倩倩 陈维榕 陈云梅 赵泽英 周壮干 张贵进 娄飞 WANG Hu;WANG Xiaohong;NIE Keyan;LI Lijie;TONG Qianqian;CHEN Weirong;CHEN Yunmei;ZHAO Zeying;ZHOU Zhuanggan;ZHANG Guijin;LOU Fei(Guizhou Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Information,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006;Anshun University,Anshun,Guizhou 561000,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科技信息究所,贵州贵阳550006 [2]安顺学院,贵州安顺561000

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2022年第4期25-32,共8页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科研机构创新能力建设专项资金项目“精品水果果园数字化管理创新平台建设”[黔科合服企(2021)15];国家自然科学基金项目“水分胁迫下火龙果茎枝生长模拟研究”(31460319)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明不同土壤改良条件下火龙果生长发育及光合特性变化的生理机制,为火龙果在不同土壤的水肥管理提供依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验,选取当地主栽品种紫红龙扦插苗为试验材料,通过黏土配以不同比例(0、20%、40%、60%)的河沙为盆栽基质,研究不同黏土河沙配比下火龙果生长发育状况及光合特性变化的生理机制。【结果】含河沙40%的黏土较其他配比土壤火龙果结果期枝条宽度、厚度和茎围均最优,增幅分别为12.45%~38.45%、2.93%~71.56%和0~4.75%;新枝和根生物量均最大,与其他配比土壤相比,分别提高12.15%~58.91%和5.88%~38.46%;叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量均最高,较其他配比土壤分别提升3.19%~42.87%、21.43%~41.67%和3.19%~42.68%;各处理间火龙果根系形态无明显差异。7月(除综合性能指数)、8月、9月、10月(除气孔导度)含40%河沙黏土火龙果枝条的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、潜在光化学效率(Fv/Fo)、吸收光能为基础的性能指标(PI_(ABS))、综合性能指数(PI_(total))及气孔导度(Gs)均达峰值。【结论】含河沙40%的黏土有利于火龙果枝条的生长发育、物质积累及光合色素合成,可明显增强枝条光合能力。【Objective】The physiological mechanism of growing development and photosynthetic characteristics changes in Hylocereus undatus under different soil improvement conditions is explored to provide the basis for the water and fertilization management of H.undatus cultivated in different soils.【Method】Local main pitaya cultivar H.undatus cv.Zihonglong cutting seedlings are selected as the test material.By mixing clay with different ratios of river sand(0,20%,40%and 60%)as potted substrates,the physiological mechanism of growing development status and the photosynthetic characteristics changes in H.undatus cultivated in different substrates is studied by a pot experiment.【Result】The clay mixing 40%river sand treatment has the best branch width,thickness and stem diameter of H.undatus at fruiting stage,increasing by 12.45%~38.45%,2.93%~71.56%and 0~4.75%compared with those of other treatments;The new shoot and root biomass are the highest,12.15%~58.91%and 5.88%~38.46%higher than those of other treatments;Chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content are the highest,which is increased by 3.19%~42.87%,21.43%~41.67%and 3.19%~42.68%compared with those of other treatments.There is no obvious difference in root morphology among different treatments.The maximum photochemical efficiency(F v/F m),potential photochemical efficiency(F v/F o),performance index on absorption basis(PI_(ABS))of H.undatus branch under clay mixing 40%river sand treatment reach the peak in July,August,September and October.Total performance index(PI_(total))reaches the peak in August,September and October,while stomatal conductance(Gs)reaches the peak in July,August and September.【Conclusion】Clay mixing 40%river sand treatment is beneficial to the growing development,matter accumulation and photosynthetic pigment formation of pitaya branch,which can strengthen the photosynthesis of branches significantly.

关 键 词：火龙果 紫红龙 生长 光合特性 黏土 河沙 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学]