干旱地区知母不同栽培模式及优产技术筛选  

Screening on Different Cultivation Patterns and High-yield Techniques of Anemarrhena asphodeloides in Arid Area

作　　者：麻文婕 蔡景竹[2] 王洪博[1] MA Wenjie;CAI Jingzhu;WANG Hongbo(Hebei Chest Hospital,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050041;Agricultural College,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省胸科医院,河北石家庄050041 [2]河北农业大学农学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2022年第4期119-124,共6页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河北省中医药管理局科研计划项目“蔚县贫困地区干旱地带知母单品栽培及林下套种的实验研究”(2020157)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明干旱地区不同栽培模式及其技术对知母生长特性和药用成分的影响,为知母高产优质栽培提供依据。【方法】分别采用单因素和双因素试验,研究不同栽培技术对知母生长性状、芒果苷和知母皂苷BⅡ含量的影响。【结果】知母林下套种为最佳规范化栽培模式。种植密度为12万株/hm^(2),配施有机肥1.5万kg/hm^(2)时,知母的存活率、单株鲜重、根茎鲜重等生长指标和主要药用成分含量均优于单株栽培技术,且芒果苷和知母皂苷BⅡ含量分别达6.45%和9.01%,均高于《中国药典》标准。【结论】从资源利用角度考虑,林下套种知母,种植密度为12万株/hm^(2),配施有机肥1.5万kg/hm^(2)的优产栽培技术更有利于生产,且能提高经济效益,应用前景广阔。【Objective】The effects of different cultivation patterns and techniques on the growth characteristics and medicinal ingredients of Anemarrhena asphodeloides in arid areas are explored to provide the basis for high-yield and good-quality cultivation of A.asphodeloides.【Method】The single factor and double-factor tests are used respectively to study the effects of different cultivation techniques on growth traits,mangiferin and timosaponin BⅡcontent of A.asphodeloides.【Result】Interplanting A.asphodeloides under forest pattern is the optimum standardized cultivation pattern.When the planting density is 12×10^(4)plants/hm^(2)with 1.5×10^(4)kg/hm^(2)organic fertilizer,the growth index such as survival rate,fresh weight per plant and fresh weight of rhizome and main medicinal ingredient content of A.asphodeloides are better than those of A.asphodeloides under mono-cropping cultivation pattern.At the same time,mangiferin and timosaponin BⅡcontent are up to 6.45%and 9.01%,which are higher than the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.【Conclusion】Considering resource utilization,the optimum cultivation techniques of interplanting A.asphodeloides under forest with planting density of 12×10^(4)plants/hm^(2)and organic fertilizer of 1.5×10^(4)kg/hm^(2)is more conducive to production and improving economic benefits,which has broad application prospects.

关 键 词：知母 林下种植 芒果苷 知母皂苷BⅡ 

分 类 号：S567.23[农业科学—中草药栽培]