同域分布水鹿和毛冠鹿活动节律的比较研究——基于红外相机数据  

Comparison Study on Activity Rhythms of Sambar(Cervus equinus) and Tufted Deer(Elaphodus cephalophus) in the Same Region Based on Infrared Camera Data

作　　者：贾国清 杨旭 李永东 王宇 郑笑傲 蒋勇 杨彪 李生强 JIA Guoqing;YANG Xu;LI Yongdong;WANG Yu;ZHENG Xiaoao;JIANG Yong;YANG Biao;LI Shengqiang(Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve Adiministration Bureau,Kangding 626000,China;Chengdu Xing-Ai Information Technology Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610051,China;Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation(Ministry of Education),China West Normal University,Nanchong 637002,China;Sichuan Institute of Science of Giant Panda,Chengdu 610057,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin 541004,China)

机构地区：[1]四川贡嘎山国家级自然保护区管理局,四川康定626000 [2]成都兴艾信息技术有限公司,四川成都610051 [3]西华师范大学,西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室,四川南充637002 [4]四川省大熊猫科学研究院,四川成都610057 [5]广西师范大学,广西珍稀濒危动物生态学重点实验室,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《四川林业科技》2022年第2期38-46,共9页Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology

摘　　要：为了探究同域分布的水鹿(Cervus equinus)与毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus)的日活动节律、时间生态位分化及共存机制,于2017年5月-2018年4月,在四川贡嘎山国家级自然保护区内利用红外相机对二者进行持续监测。采用核密度估计方法(Kernel density estimation)和重叠指数(Coefficient of overlap)来对比分析二者的日活动节律。结果表明:水鹿与毛冠鹿均偏向于晨昏活动,但二者的日活动节律相似度较低(Δ=0.80,P<0.01),水鹿日活动节律有3个活动高峰,分别在03:30-04:00、06:00-08:00、18:00-23:30,而毛冠鹿仅有2个活动高峰,分别在07:00-12:00与17:00-21:30。水鹿早上的活动高峰明显比毛冠鹿提前,而晚高峰结束时间比毛冠鹿晚2 h。二者在旱雨季间的日活动节律差异显著(水鹿:Δ=0.93,P=0.03;毛冠鹿:Δ=0.88,P<0.01),二者在旱季早上的活动峰值较雨季晚半小时,毛冠鹿傍晚(19:00)活动峰值比雨季(20:00)提前1h。和雨季相比,二者均在旱季傍晚的活动高峰值更大、活动高峰期更长,而在雨季的活动高峰值和活动高峰期二者之间呈现出相反的趋势。二者间的日活动节律重叠指数较低(Δ=0.80),且旱季的重叠指数(Δ=0.83)和最大活动高峰值(0.12)均高于雨季(Δ=0.74;高峰值为0.10),但整体上和季节间均差异显著(P<0.01)。本研究表明同域分布水鹿和毛冠鹿可以通过时间生态位上的分化来减少二者在食物、空间与时间资源上的竞争以实现共存。研究结果可为同域分布下近缘物种的更深入的共存机制研究和针对性保护管理策略的制定提供重要的数据参考。The comparative study of sympatric species is helpful for further analysis of interspecies behavior,ecological adaptation and co-existence mechanism.In order to explore the differences in daily activity pattern,temporal niche differentiation and coexisting mechanism of sympatric species,infrared camera were used to continuously monitor Sambar(Cervus equinus)and Tufted Deer(Elaphodus cephalophus)from May 2017 to April 2018 in Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve,Sichuan province.The kernel density estimation and coefficient of overlap were used to analyze the daily activity rhythm of the two species.The results showed that both Sambar(Cervus equinus)and Tufted Deer(Elaphodus cephalophus)were more inclined to the morning and dusk activity,but the similarity of the daily activity rhythm between the two was lower(Δ=0.80,P<0.01).There were three activity peaks in the daily activity rhythm of Sambar,which were 03:30-04:00,06:00-08:00 and 18:00-23:30,while there were only two activity peaks in the daily activity rhythm of Tufted Deer,which were 07:00-12:00 and 17:00-21:30.The morning activity peak of Sambar was significantly earlier than that of Tufted Deer,while the end time of dusk activity peak was 2 hours later.The daily activity rhythm of the two species was significantly different between seasons(Sambar:Δ=0.93,P=0.03;Tufted Deer:Δ=0.88,P<0.01).The morning activity peak of the two species appeared half an hour later in the dry season than that in the rainy season,while the dusk activity peak(19:00)of Tufted Deer was one hour earlier than that in the rainy season(20:00).Compared with the rainy season,the dusk activity peak values of both were larger and the activity peaks of both were longer in the dry season than that in the rainy season,however,in the rainy season,the activity peak values and activity peaks of the two species showed opposite trend.The overlap index of the daily activity rhythm between Sambar and Tufted Deer during the research period was lower(Δ=0.80),and the overlap index(Δ=0.83)and the m

关 键 词：水鹿 毛冠鹿 贡嘎山保护区 红外相机 日活动节律 核密度估计 重叠指数 时间生态位分化 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]