1038例变应性鼻炎患者变应原检测及分析  

Detection and analysis of allergens in 1038 allergic rhinitis patients

作　　者：肖力绵 朱薏桦 郑凯 闫海粟 王燕[1] 张华[1] XIAO Limian;ZHU Yihua;ZHENG Kai;YAN Haisu;WANG Yan;ZHANG Hua(Department of Otorhinolaryngology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi 830054,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆医科大学第一附属医院耳鼻喉科,乌鲁木齐830054

出　　处：《新疆医科大学学报》2022年第4期464-468,共5页Journal of Xinjiang Medical University

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2020D01C252)。

摘　　要：目的探讨乌鲁木齐地区变应性鼻炎(Allergic rhinitis,AR)患者吸入性变应原的类型及分布特征,为该地区AR个体化控制、预防和治疗提供依据。方法收集2016—2021年于新疆医科大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉科门诊就诊的1038例AR患者,行皮肤点刺试验(Skin prick test,SPT),分析各类变应原阳性率在不同性别及年龄间的差异。结果(1)乌鲁木齐地区2016—2021年AR患者中阳性率最高的前三位变应原为藜属(60.00%)、梯牧草(51.98%)、屋尘(44.51%);(2)艾蒿和梯牧草致敏以极强阳性多见;(3)不同性别间进行比较,除艾蒿与梯牧草阳性率差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)外,其余变应原在男性与女性间阳性率差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);(4)不同年龄段间进行比较,艾蒿、藜属、树木花粉、屋尘、蟑螂阳性率差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05),儿童组与青少年组整体阳性率高于老年组,艾蒿致敏强度的分布情况在不同年龄段间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论杂草类花粉及屋尘是乌鲁木齐地区常见的变应原,不同性别、不同年龄段AR患者变应原阳性率不同。Objective To explore the types and distribution characteristics of inhaled allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis(AR)in Urumqi,and provide basis for individualized control,prevention and treatment of AR.Methods 1038 patients with AR were collected from the outpatient department of Otorhinolaryngology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from 2016 to 2021 and underwent skin prick test(SPT)to analyze the differences of positive rates of various allergens in different years,genders and ages.Results(1)The top 3 allergens with the highest positive rate in Urumqi from 2016 to 2021 were Chenopodium(60.00%),Timothy(51.98%)and House dust(44.51%);(2)The sensitization of Artemisia and Timothy is mostly strong positive;(3)Comparison between different genders,the positive rates of other allergens have no significant difference between men and women except Artemisia and Timothy(P>0.05);(4)The positive rates of Artemisia,Chenopodium,Tree pollen,house dust and cockroaches were significantly different(P<0.05).The positive rates of children and adolescents were significantly higher than those of the elderly.The distribution of Chenopodium in different age groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Weed pol⁃len and house dust are common allergens in Urumqi.The allergen positive rates are different among AR patients in dif⁃ferent genders and ages.

关 键 词：变应性鼻炎 变应原 皮肤点刺实验 

分 类 号：R76[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]