适用于建筑隔热的二氧化硅气凝胶制备与性能  

Preparation and properties of silica aerogel suitable for building insulation

作　　者：李静 孙健 王韩 石明菊[3] 王治 龚贝贝 LI Jing;SUN Jian;WANG Han;SHI Mingju;WANG Zhi;GONG Beibei(Henan Building Materials Research and Design Institute Co.Ltd.,Henan Academy of Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Henan Academy of Science Quality Inspection and Analytical Test Research Center,Zhengzhou 450000,China;Zhongzhao Construction Group Co.Ltd.,Linzhou 456500,China;Henan Abundant Color Science and Technology Development Co.Ltd.,Zhoukou 466700,China)

机构地区：[1]河南建筑材料研究设计院有限责任公司,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省科学院质量检验与分析测试研究中心,河南郑州450000 [3]中钊建设集团有限公司,河南林州456500 [4]周口裕彩科技研发有限公司,河南周口466700

出　　处：《新型建筑材料》2022年第4期119-123,共5页New Building Materials

基　　金：河南省科学院2021年财政预算基本科研业务费项目(210609023)。

摘　　要：采用正硅酸乙酯作硅源、利用酸-碱两步催化法和常压梯度干燥法制备纳米SiO_(2)气凝胶;适量掺杂纤维增强材料和胶黏剂,再与PET等基材复合制成隔热膜试样。对SiO_(2)气凝胶及其复合材料的隔热效果、力学性能、吸湿性能进行了测试,并对微观形貌进行了表征。结果表明:气凝胶毡厚0.1~0.2 mm或1.0 mm时,其隔热效果大致相同,不同配比隔热膜试样的导热系数均<0.024 W/(m·K);纤维的掺入使SiO_(2)气凝胶复合材料在室温和高温下均表现出较好的力学性能;纤维增强SiO_(2)气凝胶复合材料在不同相对湿度下的吸湿率均远低于纯纤维毡,尤其在相对湿度为90%时,吸湿率较纯纤维毡下降91.67%。Silica aerogel was prepared by using ethyl orthosilicate(TEOS) as silicon source,acid-alkaline as catalyst and gradient dried in atmospheric pressure. An appropriate amount of fiber reinforced materials and adhesives were doped. And they were overlapped with PET or other substrates to make heat-insulation film samples. The thermal insulation effect,mechanical properties and hygroscopicity of silica aerogel(and its composites) were tested,and the microstructure was characterized. The results show that no matter the thickness of aerogel blanket is 0.1~0.2 or 1.0 mm,the thermal insulation effect of film samples is roughly the same,and the thermal conductivity of samples with different composition ratio is within 0.024 W/(m·K). SiO_(2) aerogel composites exhibit good mechanical properties at room temperature and high temperature due to the addition of fibers. The hygroscopicity of fiber-re-inforced SiO_(2) aerogel composites is much lower than that of pure fiber blanket under different relative humidity,especially at 90%humidity,the hygroscopicity drops 91.67%.

关 键 词：建筑隔热 SiO_(2)气凝胶 酸-碱催化 导热系数 强度 吸湿性能 

分 类 号：TU551.3[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]