有机肥氮投入比例对香蕉生长及主要品质影响  

Effects of Ratio of Organic Fertilizer Nitrogen Input on Banana Growth and Main Quality

作　　者：李跃森 吴水金 张帅 林宝妹 李海明 邱珊莲 LI Yuesen;WU Shuijin;ZHANG Shuai;LIN Baomei;LI Haiming;QIU Shanlian(Subtropical Agriculture Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhangzhou,Fujian 363005,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院亚热带农业研究所,福建漳州363005

出　　处：《土壤》2022年第2期247-254,共8页Soils

基　　金：国家土壤质量数据中心观测监测项目(ZX02S140103);福建省农业科学院自由探索项目(AA2018-11)资助。

摘　　要：探讨有机肥替代氮素在总氮投入中的不同比例对香蕉生长发育及主要品质的影响,可进一步揭示不同供肥模式与香蕉生长发育、果实主要品质等相关性,为找出最佳的有机肥替代比例提供理论支持。于福建漳州国家土壤质量数据中心观测监测点连续多年进行香蕉连作试验,其中,对照处理(CK)不施任何肥料,其他处理氮素施入量均为N 630 kg/hm^(2),以商品有机肥(MN)作为有机肥氮素代替不同比例的无机肥氮素(CN),按照有机肥氮素占总氮投入的百分比,设置3个处理,分别为M0(3/3 CN)、M1(2/3 CN+1/3 MN)和M2(3/3 MN)。通过比较分析2018年和2019年2年香蕉农艺性状、生育期和成熟果实主要品质等,研究不同有机肥氮替代比例对香蕉生长发育及主要品质的影响。结果表明:①M0处理和M1处理香蕉维持较高的生长势,生育期较短,产量明显高于M2处理,较高的有机肥氮替代比例明显限制了香蕉植株和果实的生长发育。②有机肥替代化肥提高了香蕉果实存储品质和风味品质,有机肥氮替代比例越高香蕉转色速率越快,货架期也相应延长,同时增加成熟果实可溶性糖含量,糖酸比提升明显。③土壤氮含量与香蕉风味品质形成相关程度高,成熟香蕉果实可溶性糖含量、糖酸比与土壤硝态氮、铵态氮含量呈极显著或显著负相关,香蕉可滴定酸含量与土壤硝态氮含量呈显著正相关。土壤速效氮含量较高时,香蕉糖度降低,酸度相应增加,风味品质下降。④成熟香蕉果实大部分挥发性成分为酯类,分别占总挥发性成分的93.36%~98.66%。M1处理有10种酯类化合物含量最高,其中乙酸异丁酯、丁酸乙酯、异戊酸乙酯、异丁酸异丁酯、丁酸-2-甲基丙酯、异戊酸异丁酯、异丁酸异戊酯显著高于其他3个处理,而乙酸异戊酯和醇类化合物含量则较低。综上,在本试验条件下,大比例有机肥氮替代无机肥氮显著限制香蕉的生�To explore the effects of different proportions of nitrogen substitute by organic fertilizer in total nitrogen input on banana growth and main quality can further reveal the correlation between different fertilizer supply modes and banana growth main quality,and provide theoretical support for finding the optimal ratio of nitrogen substitute by organic fertilizer.Banana continuous cropping experiment was conducted at the observation and monitoring site of Zhangzhou National Soil Quality Data Center in Fujian for consecutive years,no fertilizer was applied in the control(CK),while N 630 kg/hm^(2) was applied in other treatments.Commercial organic fertilizer(MN)was used to replace inorganic fertilizer nitrogen(CN)in different proportions according to the percentage of organic fertilizer nitrogen in total nitrogen input,namely M0(3/3 CN),M1(2/3 CN+1/3 MN)and M2(3/3 MN),then the effects of different MN substitution on banana growth and main quality were compared and analyzed.The results showed that:1)M0 and M1 maintained high growth potential,with shorter growth period and significantly higher yield than M2.The higher MN substitution significantly restricted the growth of banana plants and fruits.2)MN substitution improved the storage quality and flavor quality of banana.The higher MN replacement,the faster banana color change rate and the longer the shelf life.At the same time,soluble sugar content of ripe banana fruit was increased,and the ratio of sugar to acid was increased significantly.3)Soil nitrogen content was significantly correlated with the formation of banana flavor and quality.Soluble sugar content and sugar-acid ratio of the ripe banana fruits were extremely significantly or significantly negatively correlated with soil nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen contents.Banana titratable acid content and soil nitrate nitrogen content was significantly positively correlated.The higher available nitrogen content in soil,the lower banana sugar content,the higher soil acidity and the lower banana flavor quali

关 键 词：香蕉 有机肥 氮 生长发育 品质 

分 类 号：S963.91[农业科学—水产养殖]