基于负磁致伸缩效应的电机降噪方法研究  

Noise reduction method of motor based on negative magnetostrictive effect

作　　者：张欣[1] 宋子晗 王文斌 韩瑜 祝丽花[1] ZHANG Xin;SONG Zihan;WANG Wenbin;HAN Yu;ZHU Lihua(Tianjin Municipal Key Lab of Advanced Electrical Engineering and Energy Technology,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China)

机构地区：[1]天津工业大学天津市电工电能新技术重点实验室,天津300387

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2022年第7期81-87,共7页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51577131);天津市自然科学基金面上项目(20JCYBJC00190)。

摘　　要：噪声抑制是电机设计和应用中亟待解决的关键问题之一,尤其在体积较大的电机中,定子硅钢片磁致伸缩效应造成的振动噪声占比很大。针对由于硅钢片磁致伸缩效应导致的电机振动噪声问题,提出通过填充具有负磁致伸缩特性的软磁复合材料来抑制电机振动噪声的方法,使拟填充材料的负磁致伸缩与硅钢片的正磁致伸缩效应引起的形变基本相互抵消,从而减小电机的振动噪声。首先建立电机的电磁-机械耦合数值模型,进行有限元仿真计算,通过遍历扫描的方法对定子硅钢片的振动情况进行分析,找到拟填充材料合适的填充位置及尺寸,并制作模型进行验证。仿真和验证试验中采用负磁致伸缩材料镍作为填充材料,发现电机定子硅钢片局部打孔填充负磁致伸缩材料后使局部应力下降16%,减小电机整体振动噪声。对于低噪声电机设计有重要的理论意义和应用价值。Noise suppression is one of key problems to be solved in motor design and application.In motors,especially,larger ones,vibration and noise caused by magnetostriction effect of stator silicon steel sheets occupy a large proportion.Here,aiming at this problem,a method to suppress motor vibration and noise by filling soft magnetic composite material with negative magnetostrictive characteristics was proposed to make negative magnetostriction of filled material and deformation caused by positive magnetostriction of silicon steel sheets basically cancel each other,and reduce motor vibration and noise.Firstly,the electromagnetic-mechanical coupled numerical model of a motor was established to perform finite element simulation calculation.The vibration situation of stator silicon steel sheets was analyzed using the traversal scanning method to find the appropriate filling position and size of material to be filled,and the corresponding model was fabricated to do verification.In simulation and verification tests here,the negative magnetostrictive material nickel was taken as the filling material.It was shown that vibration and noise of the overall motor are reduced after motor stator silicon steel sheets are partially perforated and filled with negative magnetostrictive material,and local stress decreases by 16%;the study results can have important theoretical significance and application value for low-noise motor design.

关 键 词：磁致伸缩 振动噪声 有限元仿真 打孔 

分 类 号：TM32[电气工程—电机]