高频声呐换能器梯度匹配层声学特性研究  

Acoustic characteristics of gradient matching layer of high frequency sonar transducer

作　　者：卞加聪 王艳[1] 刘振君[1] 沈明杰 赵慧[1] 孙逸来 BIAN Jiacong;WANG Yan;LIU Zhenjun;SHEN Mingjie;ZHAO Hui;SUN Yilai(Shanghai Marine Electronic Equipment Research Institute,Shanghai 201108,China)

机构地区：[1]上海船舶电子设备研究所,上海201108

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2022年第7期153-158,192,共7页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国防科技重点实验室基金(6142108181011);国家自然科学基金(41906175,42106188)。

摘　　要：在声呐系统中,高效率、超宽带的声呐换能器可以提高其成像分辨率,在海底地貌的探测与识别方面需求迫切。传统换能器的带宽拓展常采用单层或多层均匀匹配层的方法来实现,但由于其未能很好地实现阻抗过渡而较难满足换能器在水中的超宽带性能要求。针对超宽带需求提出的一种声阻抗梯度匹配层材料很大程度上弥补了这一缺点,其特性声阻抗具有按z(x)=z_(1)e^(2αx)指数衰减变化的特点。根据解析计算与有限元仿真的结果,通过流体混合物填充3D精准打印的中空圆锥形结构材料的方式研制了该梯度材料并进行了声阻抗性能测试。在此基础上研制了一款梯度匹配层换能器,从试验结果可知梯度匹配层的相对带宽高出传统双匹配层14%,达到试验设计的结果。In a sonar system,high efficiency and ultra-wideband sonar transducer can improve its imaging resolution,detection and recognition of seabed landform urgently need such a device.The bandwidth expansion of traditional transducers is often realized by using single-layer or multi-layer uniform matching layer,but it is difficult to meet the ultra-wideband performance requirement of transducers in water because it can’t achieve impedance transition well.Here,an acoustic impedance gradient matching layer material was proposed to meet the requirement of ultra-wideband,it made up for this disadvantage to a large extent.This gradient matching layer material had the characteristic of its acoustic impedance decreasing in the direction of thickness according to the exponential law z(x)=z_(1)e^(2αx).According to the results of analytical calculation and finite element simulation,the gradient matching layer material was developed by filling the 3 D accurately printed hollow conical structural material with fluid mixture,and its acoustic impedance performance was tested.Then,a gradient matching layer transducer was developed with this material.Finally,the test results showed that the relative bandwidth of the gradient matching layer is 14% higher than that of the traditional double-matching layer to reach the test design’s requirement.

关 键 词：超宽带声呐 梯度匹配层 声学特性 3D打印技术 

分 类 号：TB565.1[交通运输工程—水声工程]