盐碱胁迫对油沙豆生长和生理特性的影响  

Effects of salt and alkali stress on the growth and physiological characteristics of Cyperus esculentus

作　　者：张琳琳 于明含 丁国栋 王春媛 高广磊 杜凤梅 糜万林 ZHANG Linlin;YU Minghan;DING Guodong;WANG Chunyuan;GAO Guanglei;DU Fengmei;MI Wanlin(School of Soil and Water Conservation, Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China;Yanchi Ecology Research Station of the Mu Us Desert, 751500,Yanchi, Ningxia, China;Bayannaoer Desert Comprehensive Management Center,015000,Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia,China;Bayannaoer City Enclosure and Aerial Sowing Management Station,015000,Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia, China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,水土保持国家林业局重点实验室,北京100083 [2]宁夏盐池毛乌素沙地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,宁夏盐池751500 [3]巴彦淖尔市沙漠综合治理中心,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015000 [4]巴彦淖尔市封育飞播管理站,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015000

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2022年第2期65-71,共7页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助“北方风沙区油沙豆防风固沙技术研究与示范”(2019YFC0507600/2019YFC0507601)。

摘　　要：为了阐明盐碱交叉胁迫下油沙豆的抗性机理,为引种栽培提供依据,以油沙豆幼苗为对象,利用盆栽控制的方法,设置3种盐浓度梯度和2种pH梯度的盐碱交叉试验,探究不同NaCl浓度和pH对油沙豆生长和生理生化特征的影响。结果表明:1)中度(150~200 mmol/L)和重度盐胁迫(>250 mmol/L)下油沙豆的株高、生物量等生长指标显著小于对照(P<0.05),即生长受到抑制;轻度盐胁迫(<100 mmol/L)影响不显著;在重度盐胁迫下,pH会加剧盐胁迫的影响。2)叶片和根系的抗氧化酶活性随盐浓度增大而呈现先升高再下降的规律。3)叶片和根系的渗透调节物质含量随单盐浓度增大而呈现先升高再下降的趋势;碱性条件下各渗透调节物质含量随盐浓度增加持续升高。4)油沙豆脱落酸含量随着盐胁迫浓度的增大而升高,根系脱落酸含量在250 mmol/L高浓度条件下发生骤降,这可能与该浓度造成植物根系永久性损害有关。盐、碱胁迫对油沙豆的影响具有交互效应。油沙豆在中轻度盐胁迫下,通过抗氧化酶系统、渗透调节和激素调节机制来应对环境胁迫,而重度盐胁迫和碱性条件会导致其抗逆机制遭到破坏。[Background]The land salinization is an important limiting factor for plant introduction and cultivation in some sandy areas in northern China.Cyperus esculentus is an economic crop introduced and cultivated on salinized land in sandy areas in recent years,which has both ecological and economic benefits.However,most domestic and foreign researches on C.esculentus focus on food processing and agricultural production,and there is little research on its resistance mechanism to salt-alkali stress.The purpose of this work simulates the effects of salt and alkali dual-factor cross stress on the growth and physiological processes of C.esculentus,and reveals its salt resistance and tolerance through the exploration of the antioxidant enzyme system activity,osmotic regulation and hormone regulation mechanism of C.esculentus.Alkaline mechanism provides a theoretical basis for the introduction of C.esculentus in the northern saline-alkaline soil.[Methods]Taking the seedlings of C.esculentus as the research object,using the method of potted control,a cross experiment of 3 salt concentration gradients(50-100,150-200,and>250 mmol/L)and 2 pH gradients were set up to explore the effects of different NaCl concentration and pH on the growth and physiological and biochemical characteristics of C.esculentus.[Results]1)Under moderate(150-200 mmol/L)and severe stress(>250 mmol/L),the growth indexes such as plant height and biomass of C.esculentus were significantly lower than those of the control(P<0.05),that is,growth was inhibited.Under mild salt stress(<100 mmol/L),the effect was not significant;under severe salt stress,pH aggravated the effect of salt stress.2)The activities of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in the leaves and roots of C.esculentus increased first and then decreased with the increase of salt concentration.3)The content of osmotic adjustment substances(proline and soluble sugar)in the leaves and roots demonstrated a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of single salt concentration.Und

关 键 词：盐碱胁迫 叶绿素含量 抗氧化酶活性 渗透调节 激素 

分 类 号：Q945.78[生物学—植物学]