历史民族地理视域下的西南土司研究  

The Study of the Tusi in Southwest China from the Perspective of Historical Ethnic Geography

作　　者：马强[1] 任柳 Ma Qiang;Ren Liu(School of History and Culture,Southwest University,Chongqing,400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学历史文化与民族学院、历史地理研究所 [2]西南大学历史文化学院、历史地理研究所,重庆北碚400715

出　　处：《民族学刊》2021年第10期53-58,122,共7页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“蜀道文献整理与研究”(17ZDA190)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：正在兴起的土司历史地理研究从学科属性上说属于历史民族地理范围,但又有其相对的独立性和特定的研究对象。土司历史地理着力于解决土司政治空间形成的背景、土司政区的地理分布与变迁,土司辖区与行省所属州县辖区的分界线勘界交割问题,土司所辖府、州、县的界线、唐宋羁縻府州与明清土司区域的衔接与过渡、土司地区的生态环境问题等,这些都为传统土司研究所忽略。土司制度及其“改土归流”对民族地区的生态环境有着深刻的影响,但影响的程度因地而异。土司地理在研究方法上要充分借鉴历史地理学、民族学与人类学的田野调查法、个案分析法与文化比较研究法。Ethnic historical geography is an important branch of modern historical geography.It studies the formation of ethnic regions,ethnic geographic environments,ethnic migration routes(ethnic corridors),ethnic administrative zones,regional differences of ethnic customs and psychology,et cetera,all in different historical periods.Historical ethnic geography(also known as ethnic historical geography)is interdisciplinary,combining historical geography and ethnic geography.Tusi(a local official in imperial China or土司)historical geography is a rising research area,and it belongs to the field of historical ethnic geography,if judging by research subjects;however,it has its relative independence and specific research directions.The Tusi jurisdictions were basically in the ethnic minority areas,so the Tusi areas were also special political spaces of ethnic geography.Because these territories were relatively isolated from the central government,the central dynasty was not very specific about the delineation of regional administrations,geographical resources,populations,and land ownership in these Tusi areas.This resulted in a lack of geographical data of Tusi areas,and it was also the geographical reason for the relative independence of Tusi regimes throughout history.The Tusi system had a profound impact on the ecological environment in ethic areas.The study of the Tusi system and its environmental problems should start from two aspects:The first one is about the natural geographical and human environments in Tusi areas,including e.g.soil and water conditions,vegetational phenology distribution,biological species,road traffic and transportation systems,and so forth.The other is to study the impact of the Tusi system on the ecological environment in the particular regions,especially the impact of the gaitu guiliu policy(改土归流or a policy aiming to replace Tusi with royally appointed officials in imperial China)on Tusi regions.The study of Tusi cultural geography should focus on two aspects:material culture and spirit

关 键 词：历史民族地理 土司地理 政治空间 田野调查 

分 类 号：C952[社会学—民族学]