国家公园门户社区旅游发展与民族地区乡村振兴——美国的经验教训对我国的启示  

Gateway Community Tourism Development of National Parks and Rural Revitalization:Insights from American Experiences and Lessons for China

作　　者：沈兴菊[1] 刘韫[1] Shen XingJu;Liu Yun(School of Historical Culture&Tourism,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu,610040,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学旅游与历史文化学院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《民族学刊》2021年第12期23-29,126,共8页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社科基金艺术学项目(19BH157);中央高校西南民族大学项目(2020SYB06);西南民族大学国家文化公园研究中心项目阶段性成果。

摘　　要：国家公园被国际社会公认为有效的生态环境保护模式,门户社区是进入国家公园的必经之路,从地理位置上看,很多门户社区都位于少数民族地区,利用国家公园的旅游活动带动少数民族地区的发展,是各国各地区考虑的重要问题。本文基于美国建立国家公园门户社区和乡村建设的过程,分析了其取得的经验和吸取的教训,指出我国国家公园建设面临的问题,有针对性地提出了注重规划前置,加强民族社区参与;利用国家公园品牌价值,实现业态增值;挖掘民族文化,培育内生动力;人地联结,共创民族地方价值等建议,以建立适合我国国情的国家公园建设与民族地区乡村振兴之路。On October 12,2021,at the 15th Summit of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity,President Xi Jinping announced the establishment of China s first national parks,including Sanjiangyuan,Giant Panda,Siberian Tiger and Leopard,Hainan Tropical rainforest,and Mount Wuyi.National parks could be considered as an excellent model for ecological environmental protection.The establishment of China s national park system arguably is not only a major institutional innovation in the construction of an ecological civilization and a beautiful China but also an important task and goal during the 14th Five-Year Plan period.As part of national and global heritage,national parks can have a great appeal possibly leading to large numbers of tourists every year.However,the nature of national parks requires that the surrounding communities provide services for tourists that normally can not be offered on the Park grounds.Therefore,a gateway community,which is adjacent to a national park or on the road to it,should take up this function.National parks hence encourage gateway communities and their residents to participate in the tourism industry and provide various services for visitors.In a manner of speaking this may compensate for the community losses caused by the construction of national parks.Therefore,tourism can be regarded as a driver of sustainable development for national parks.The interrelationship between national parks and their gateway communities seems to provide an advantage of shared coordinated development.On the one hand,tourism promotes the mutually beneficial coexistence of national parks and gateway communities,but on the other hand,the question of how to grasp and balance environmental protection with the development of gateway communities is extremely challenging for all countries and regions.As the inventor of national parks,the United States has taken many effective measures:using tourism services to promote the local economy;keeping sustainability in mind to enhance community att

关 键 词：国家公园 乡村振兴 门户社区 旅游发展 

分 类 号：C956[社会学—民族学]