“双碳”目标下中国氢能发展战略  

China's hydrogen development strategy in the context of double carbon targets

作　　者：孟翔宇 陈铭韵 顾阿伦[2] 邬新国 刘滨[2] 周剑[2] 毛宗强 MENG Xiangyu;CHEN Mingyun;GU Alun;WU Xinguo;LIU Bin;ZHOU Jian;MAO Zongqiang(Tsinghua Innovation Center in Dongguan,Dongguan,Guangdong 523808,China;Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 102202,China)

机构地区：[1]东莞深圳清华大学研究院创新中心 [2]清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院

出　　处：《天然气工业》2022年第4期156-179,共24页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“中日氢能系统共性问题合作研究”(编号:2018YFE0202000);国家自然科学基金项目“面向碳中和的环境协同治理研究”(编号:72140003)。

摘　　要：氢能由于其所具备的清洁、低碳、高效、可再生等优点,逐渐成为全球应对气候变化、实现可持续发展的重要能源载体之一。当前中国面临“双碳”目标的紧迫压力,而氢能将在这个宏伟目标实现过程中发挥重要作用。为提出“双碳”目标下中国氢能发展战略,基于氢能在中国“碳达峰”“碳中和”战略中的作用和角色,研究了中国的氢能禀赋,提出了“氢能伦理”“氢能胡焕庸线”等概念,论述了制氢、储氢、运氢及用氢各主要环节的发展现状、现有的优势,指出了中国氢能产业面临成本问题、氢能基础设施不足、能源效率偏低且与可再生能源发展步骤不匹配、市场需求不足、技术发展存在短板、政策体系不完善等6大障碍与挑战。最后,提出了未来氢能产业发展的5项政策建议:①制定行动方案,落实国家氢能发展规划的要求;②建设国际、国内双循环的氢能经济体系;③发挥氢能优势,建设清洁低碳、安全高效的清洁能源体系;④加快氢能科技创新,推动建设氢能科技发展高地;⑤建设氢能应用产业集群发展园区,扩大氢能应用市场。结论认为,“双碳”目标下,中国应发挥氢能作为能源载体和工业原料的双重优势,使氢能产业在保障中国能源安全、推动社会经济转型升级以及保护生态环境方面发挥协同作用,从而为中国最终实现“碳中和”目标提供技术选择和路径支撑。As a clean,low-carbon,efficient and renewable energy source,hydrogen has gradually become an important energy carrier to combat climate change and achieve sustainable development in the world.China is now facing the stress of realizing the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals,where hydrogen will play a significant role.Against this backdrop,to develop China's hydrogen strategy under the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals,this paper explores the hydrogen resource endowment in China,presents the concepts such as Hydrogen Ethics and the Hu's Hydrogen Line,and discusses the status quo and existing advantages in hydrogen production,storage,transport and utilization in China.Six major obstacles and challenges that China's hydrogen energy industry is facing are pointed out,i.e.cost problem,inadequate hydrogen infrastructures,low energy efficiency mismatching the development progress of renewable energy,insufficient market demand,shortcomings in technology,and imperfect policy system.Finally,five policy suggestions for the future development of China's hydrogen energy industry are proposed as follows:(1)make an action plan as a response to the national hydrogen development plan;(2)build an international and domestic double-cycle hydrogen economic system;(3)incorporate hydrogen into the establishment of a clean,low-carbon,safe and efficient energy system;(4)accelerate the technological innovation to form advanced hydrogen technologies;and(5)construct hydrogen-oriented industrial clusters/parks to expand the hydrogen utilization market.It is concluded that for meeting the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals,China should leverage the dual advantages of hydrogen as an energy carrier and an industrial raw material,allowing the hydrogen industry to play a synergistic role in ensuring the country's energy security,promoting the socio-economic transformation and upgrading,and protecting the ecological environment,thereby providing a technical option and support for China to achieve the ultimate goal of carbon neutral

关 键 词：氢能 碳达峰 碳中和 发展战略 氢能禀赋 胡焕庸线 机遇 挑战 政策建议 

分 类 号：F426.2[经济管理—产业经济] X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程]