“碳中和”背景下的液氢发展之路探讨  

Development of liquid hydrogen under the background of carbon neutrality

作　　者：张震[1,2] 解辉 苏嘉南[1,2] 兰玉岐 安刚 ZHANG Zhen;XIE Hui;SU Jianan;LAN Yuqi;AN Gang(Beijing Institute of Aerospace Test Technology,Beijing 100074,China;Aerospace Hydrogen Energy Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100070,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航天试验技术研究所 [2]航天氢能科技有限公司

出　　处：《天然气工业》2022年第4期187-193,共7页Natural Gas Industry

摘　　要：全球环境问题的凸显加速了能源结构向降低化石燃料依赖方向的转型,以风光发电为代表的可再生能源得到快速发展,其中氢能的发展成为热点之一。随着氢能规模化发展,液氢是突破整个氢能体系规模化、商业化运营瓶颈的必由之路,也是实现“碳中和”目标的必由之路。为此,以可再生能源与液氢结合的电氢体系为基础,制订了基于液氢的产业发展路径,分析了液氢路线优缺点,探讨了“碳中和”目标下液氢所应承担的角色,梳理了液氢加氢站中液氢储运的液氢加氢(L-LH2)、高压气氢加氢(L-CGH2)、高压低温加氢(L-CcH2)三种技术模式,指出了液氢产业链需要解决的难题。研究结果表明:①参考国外氢能发展路线和LNG的发展历程,建立可再生能源与液氢结合的电氢体系,制订基于液氢的产业路径,可实现新能源的优势互补良性发展;②液氢路线具有储存和运输方便、安全性高、纯度高等优点和技术难度大、能耗较高等缺点,与风光电结合可规避因能耗高而成本高的缺点;③“碳中和”目标下液氢承担了储能介质、能源媒介、工业原料三大角色,将在储能领域发挥重要作用;④液氢产业链需要解决的主要难题包括中大型氢液化装置、大型液氢球罐、高压液氢泵、液氢罐箱、液氢加氢枪、液氢输送泵等。结论认为,“碳中和”背景下的液氢发展之路的深入探讨,为今后我国液氢的规模化、社会化发展提供了思路和技术参考。The prominence of global environmental problems accelerates the transformation of energy structure to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels.Renewable energy represented by wind/photovoltaic power has developed rapidly,and the development of hydrogen energy has become a hot topic.With a large-scale development of hydrogen energy,liquid hydrogen is the inevitable course to break through the bottleneck of large-scale commercial operation of the whole hydrogen energy system,and it is also the inevitable course to achieve the goal of"carbon neutrality".In this paper,an industry development path based on liquid hydrogen is established by taking the electric–hydrogen system combining renewable energy with liquid hydrogen as the base.Then,the advantages and disadvantages of liquid hydrogen route are analyzed and the role of liquid hydrogen under the goal of carbon neutrality is discussed.Finally,three technological modes of liquid hydrogen refueling station are dissected,including liquid hydrogen storage and transportation–liquid hydrogen refueling(L–LH2),liquid hydrogen storage and transportation–compressed gas hydrogen refueling(L–CGH2)and liquid hydrogen storage and transportation–compressed and cryogenic hydrogen refueling(L–CcH2).In addition,the difficulties in liquid hydrogen industry chain that need solving are pointed out.And the following research results are obtained.First,referring to foreign hydrogen energy development route and LNG development process,this paper establishes an electric–hydrogen system combining renewable energy with liquid hydrogen and lays out an industry path based on liquid hydrogen,which can realize the complementary advantages and benign development of new energy.Second,the liquid hydrogen route has the advantages of convenient storage and transportation,high safety and high purity and the disadvantages of great technical difficulty and high energy consumption,and the combination of liquid hydrogen with wind/photovoltaic power can avoid high cost caused by high energy co

关 键 词：碳中和 液氢 电氢体系 储能 储运 加氢站 能耗 成本 

分 类 号：F426.2[经济管理—产业经济] TQ116.27[化学工程—无机化工]