美国联邦研发经费资助的科技成果转化制度体系研究  

Research on the Transformation System of Scientific and Technological Achievements Funded by Federal Research and Development Funds in the United States

作　　者：马碧玉[1] MA Biyu(Law School,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学法学院,昆明650091

出　　处：《世界科技研究与发展》2022年第2期185-198,共14页World Sci-Tech R&D

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“基因信息主体权益保护模式研究”(21BFX032)

摘　　要：促进公共财政资助的科技成果转化是创新驱动发展战略的重要工作,从比较法的视角对促进科技成果转化的制度进行分析有充分的必要性。美国联邦研发经费以预算支出和二次分配两种模式管理,具体主要由不同性质的联邦实验室和大学来执行。以预算管理资助完成的科技成果适用《美国商贸法》,科技成果属于联邦政府,可以转让、许可等方式转移专利技术;以竞争性项目研发经费资助完成的科技成果适用《美国专利法》中的“拜杜规则”,当非联邦合同方选择保留权利时,发明创造的产权属于非联邦合同方,通常只能以许可使用的方式转移。两种模式运营下的科研机构都能与产业界建立起灵活多样的合作关系,并重视向小企业转移科技成果。Promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements funded by public finance is an important task of the innovation-driven development strategy.It is necessary to discuss ways to improve the related system from the perspective of comparative law.The federal research and development funds in the United State are managed by two modes of budget expenditure and secondary allocation,which are mainly implemented by various federal laboratories and universities.The scientific and technological achievements funded by budget expenditure are subject to 15 U.S.C.(Commerce and Trade).Under this term,the scientific and technological achievements belong to the federal government,and could be applied by means of transfer or license.The scientific and technological achievements funded by competitive projects are subject to the Bayh-Dole Act of 35 U.S.C(Patents).Under these terms,the patents belong to non-federal contractors if they claimed the rights,and the patent could be only applied by license.Both models enable institutions to establish flexible and diverse partnerships with industry and value the transfer of scientific and technological achievements to small businesses.

关 键 词：美国联邦政府 研发经费 科技成果 转化 

分 类 号：G327.12[文化科学]