谷子耐盐性研究进展及展望  

Research progress and prospects of foxtail millet salt tolerance

作　　者：刘雯雯 乔匀周[1] 杨红[1] 李永鹏 乔文君 董宝娣[1] 刘孟雨[1] LIU Wenwen;QIAO Yunzhou;YANG Hong;LI Yongpeng;QIAO Wenjun;DONG Baodi;LIU Mengyu(Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Hebei Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture,Shijiazhuang 050022,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心/中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室/河北省节水农业重点实验室,石家庄050022 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2022年第5期787-798,共12页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(19226436D,21327004D)资助。

摘　　要：随着农业种植业结构调整,谷子作为一种抗旱耐瘠薄作物在干旱盐碱地区的种植越来越受到重视。系统深入梳理谷子的耐盐性及盐胁迫下的生理生态响应特性,对增加盐碱地区谷子产量、提高农民收入具有重要指导意义。本文从谷子的耐盐性筛选指标及评价、盐胁迫下植株生长发育变化规律和生理生态响应以及谷子耐盐基因发掘等3个方面,综述了国内外研究进展。目前谷子耐盐鉴选指标单一,主要依赖于谷子萌发期的发芽率,而其他生理生态指标未被充分考虑;因谷子品种和土壤盐分的不同,谷子植株地上地下农艺性状、光合特征、清除活性氧相关酶类以及激素响应特征存在差异,建立综合鉴选指标存在困难;谷子耐盐基因的表达与作用发挥与环境条件,如高盐、干旱(PEG)和脱落酸(ABA)等相关,通过特定蛋白来增强抗氧化系统、保护细胞不受损伤以及提高抗渗透胁迫能力等提高谷子的耐盐性。在此基础上,本文提出了建立谷子耐盐综合鉴选量化标准和平台、深入开展谷子耐盐调控机理研究、进一步研发谷子耐盐栽培技术体系是未来重要的研究方向。With the adjustment of the agricultural planting structure,foxtail millet—a drought-resistant and barren-tolerant crop,has attracted increasing attention in arid and saline-alkali areas.Systematic and deep understanding of the salt tolerance as well as physiological and ecological response characteristics of foxtail millet under salt stress has important guiding significance for maximizing the excellent properties of foxtail millet,increasing its yield in saline-alkali areas,and improving farmers’income.This paper reviewed the research progress worldwide in detail from three aspects,namely,the screening index and evaluation of foxtail millet salt tolerance,the change law of plant growth and development and physiological-ecological response under salt stress,and the discovery of foxtail millet salt tolerance genes.At present,a single indicator of salt tolerance in foxtail millet is used,which mainly depends on the germination rate during germination.Other physiological and ecological indicators have not been fully considered.Because of the differences in foxtail millet varieties and soil salinity,there are differences in aboveground and underground agronomic characteristics,photosynthetic characteristics,enzymes related to scavenging reactive oxygen species,and the hormone response law of foxtail millet plants.Therefore,it is difficult to establish comprehensive evaluation indexes.The expression and function of foxtail millet salt tolerance genes are related to environmental conditions such as high salt,drought,and abscisic acid.The salt tolerance of foxtail millet was improved by synthesizing specific proteins to enhance the antioxidant system,protect cells from damage,and improve the ability to resist osmotic stress.Based on the results,we recommend that the establishment of quantitative standards and platforms for the comprehensive evaluation and selection of foxtail millet salt tolerance,the in-depth research on the regulation mechanism of foxtail millet salt tolerance,and further research and development

关 键 词：谷子 耐盐性 种质资源 萌发期 生理生态响应 耐盐基因 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学]