蔬菜咸水灌溉研究进展  

Review of research development associated with the application of saline water irrigation to vegetables

作　　者：陈佩 王金涛 董心亮 田柳 张雪佳 刘小京[1,2] 孙宏勇 CHEN Pei;WANG Jintao;DONG Xinliang;TIAN Liu;ZHANG Xuejia;LIU Xiaojing;SUN Hongyong(Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050022,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,石家庄050022 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2022年第5期799-808,共10页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：中国科学院盐碱地资源高效利用工程实验室(KFJ-PTXM-017);河北省重点研发计划项目(21326408D)资助。

摘　　要：我国淡水资源严重短缺且分布不均,开发利用储量丰富的咸水资源对于保障水安全战略具有重要的意义。我国蔬菜种植面积和产量居世界首位,蔬菜既是产量较高也是耗水量较大的经济作物。如何安全利用咸水资源,拓宽蔬菜灌溉用水供应来源,保证蔬菜生产是淡水短缺地区面临的主要问题,也是当今咸水利用方面的研究重点和难点。因此,本文从咸水资源利用潜力、咸水灌溉应用状况、咸水灌溉对蔬菜生长、产量和品质的影响等方面对咸水灌溉在蔬菜种植中的高效利用机理、技术及未来发展趋势进行了综述。利用2.4~11.83 dS∙m^(−1)的咸水灌溉虽使蔬菜产量降低6.21%~63.05%,但蔬菜品质提高6.25%~74.07%,采用适宜的咸水灌溉调控技术,优化灌溉策略可提高咸水灌溉的利用效率,在未来微咸水利用和扩大蔬菜种植面积中可发挥重要作用。Freshwater resources are scarce and unevenly distributed in China.The exploitation of saline water resources is of great significance to the success of water security strategies.Currently,there are researches focusing on overcoming the difficulties associated with saline-water utilization.The sowing area and yield of vegetables are the highest in the world,but vegetables are economic crops with relatively large water consumptions.The main problem faced by freshwater shortage regions is how to safely use saline water resources,broaden the supply source of vegetable irrigation water,and ensure vegetable production.Therefore,this paper reviews the mechanisms and technologies associated with the application and future development of saline water irrigation in vegetable planting from the aspects of the utilization potential of saline water resources;application status of saline water irrigation;and effects of saline water irrigation on vegetable growth,yield,and quality to provide water resources that guarantee the high-quality green development of agriculture.The results showed that using 2.4−11.83 dS∙m^(−1) saline water irrigation reduced vegetable yields by 6.21%−63.05%but improved vegetable quality by 6.25%−74.07%.Using suitable saline water irrigation regulation technologies and optimizing irrigation strategies can improve the utilization efficiency of saline water irrigation and play an important role in the sustainable development of agriculture in the future.

关 键 词：咸水灌溉 耐盐度 蔬菜品质 灌溉策略 生态效应 

分 类 号：S607.1[农业科学—园艺学]