南方典型母质发育水稻土剖面酸化特征研究  

Study on acidification characteristics of paddy soils profiles developed from typical parent materials in south China

作　　者：周峻宇 李明德[1] 周旋 唐珍琦[2] 谷雨[1] 吴海勇[1] 刘琼峰[1] ZHOU Jun-yu;LI Ming-de;ZHOU Xuan;TANG Zhen-qi;GU Yu;WU Hai-yong;LIU Qiong-feng(Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha Hunan 410125;Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Station,Changsha Hunan 410006)

机构地区：[1]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙410125 [2]湖南省土壤肥料工作站,湖南长沙410006

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第3期7-13,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金(2020JJ5320);湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2019LS03-4);湖南重金属污染耕地治理式休耕试点区耕地质量监测(湘财农指[2017]153号,湘财农指[2018]83号)。

摘　　要：明确我国南方典型母质发育水稻土的剖面酸化特征及其影响因素,为稻田土壤酸化有效防控及治理提供理论依据。选取湖南长株潭区域不同母质(板页岩、第四纪红土、花岗岩、河流冲积物、砂岩、石灰岩及紫色砂页岩)发育的潴育性水稻土剖面,分别测定耕作层(A)、犁底层(P)、潴育层(W)及母质层(C)各层次的土壤pH,利用A与C层间pH的变化差异来表征表层土壤是否酸化及其酸化程度,并分析A层有机质、阳离子交换量、总氮及颗粒组成,探究影响耕作层土壤酸化的主要因素。结果表明:南方典型母质发育的潴育性水稻土酸化特征表现为:石灰岩剖面土壤的pH最高,达6.39~6.92;其次为河流冲积物(6.24~6.66)及紫色砂页岩土壤(5.90~6.57),均呈微酸性至中性;再次是板页岩土壤(5.91~6.46),呈微酸性;最后依次为第四纪红土(5.45~6.12)、花岗岩(5.47~5.88)及砂岩土壤(5.47~5.85),均呈酸性至微酸性。不同母质发育的潴育性水稻土A与C层土壤pH存在明显差异,均表现出酸化现象,且酸化程度大小依次为:紫色砂页岩、第四纪红土>板页岩、石灰岩、花岗岩>河流冲积物、砂岩。对可能影响表层土壤酸化的土壤理化性质进行逐步线性回归分析发现,土壤阳离子交换量与表层水稻土酸化差值呈显著负相关。总体而言,土壤阳离子交换量是影响不同母质发育的潴育性水稻土表层酸化的主要因素。The acidification characteristics and influencing factors of paddy soils profiles developed from typical parent materials in south China were clarified to provide theoretical basis for effective prevention and control of soil acidification in paddy fields.Hydragric paddy soil profiles developed from different parent materials(Plate shale,Quaternary red earth,Granite,River alluvial material,Sandstone,Limestone,Purple sand shale)were collected from Chang-Zhu-Tan area in Hunan province,the soil pH of plough layer(A),below plough layer(P),storage layer(W)and parent material layer(C)were measured,topsoil acidification was estimated by the difference in the soil pH between layers A and C,and the organic matter,cation exchange capacity,total nitrogen and particle composition were measured to study the main factors influencing the plough layer acidification.The results shoued that the acidification characteristics of hydragric paddy soils developed from southern typical parent materials were as follows:the pH of limestone soil profile was the highest,reaching 6.39~6.92,followed by the river alluvial material(6.24~6.66)and purple sand shale(5.90~6.57),which were slightly acidic to neutral;thirdly,the plate shale soil(5.91~6.46)was slightly acidic;finally,the quaternary red earth(5.45~6.12),granite(5.47~5.88)and sandstone soil(5.47~5.85)were successively acidic to slightly acidic.There were obvious differences in soil pH between layer A and C of hydragric paddy soils developed from different parent materials,and acidification occurred in all of them,with the degree of acidification were in order as follows:purple sand shale,quaternary red earth>plate shale,limestone,granite>river alluvial material and sandstone.The stepwise linear regression analysis of soil physiochemical properties that may affect the acidification of topsoil showed that the cation exchange capacity of soil was significantly negatively correlated with the difference of acidification of topsoil.The cationic exchange capacity of soil is the main factor aff

关 键 词：母质 水稻土 剖面酸化 阳离子交换量 

分 类 号：S153.4[农业科学—土壤学]