小麦秸秆生物炭对休耕期黄土农田土壤热性质的影响  

Effects of wheat straw biochar on soil thermal properties in fallow period

作　　者：聂瑾 赵保卫[1] 刘辉[1] 杨哲 马锋锋[1] NIE Jin;ZHAO Bao-wei;LIU Hui;YANG Zhe;MA Feng-feng(School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou Gansu 730000)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学,环境与市政工程学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第3期75-83,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51766008,21467013,21167007)。

摘　　要：为了研究小麦秸秆生物炭输入对休耕期农田土壤热性质的影响,共设置了3个小麦秸秆生物炭施用量水平进行田间小区试验,分别为0 kg·m^(-2)(BC0)、1 kg·m^(-2)(BC1)、4 kg·m^(-2)(BC4),每个处理3个重复。对各小区土壤含水率、热容量、导热率、热扩散率和温度等指标进行了测定。结果表明:生物炭施加能显著降低土壤导热率和热扩散率,施加量越多,导热率和热扩散率值越低;热容量多次表现为随生物炭施加量的增加呈先降低后升高的趋势。土壤含水率受降雨和冻结波动较大,在无降水且无冻结条件下随生物炭量的增加而减少,而在低温冻融期随生物炭量的增加而增加。各热参数均与含水率变化趋势基本一致,BC1与BC4处理的各热参数与含水率之间均呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。5 cm段土壤温度多次表现出随生物炭施加量的增加先升高后降低;20 cm段土壤温度随生物炭施加量的增大而减小。各处理的导热率、热扩散率均与5 cm段土壤温度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与20 cm段土壤温度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。可见,在田间状态下,小麦秸秆生物炭主要通过影响土壤含水率进而影响土壤热性质,影响程度与生物炭施用量有关;小麦秸秆生物炭能通过影响土壤热性质进而影响土壤温度。In order to study the effect of wheat straw biochar input on soil thermal properties in fallow period.Three wheat biochar application levels were set up in this study:0 kg·m^(-2)(BC0),1 kg·m^(-2)(BC1)and 4 kg·m^(-2)(BC4),and each treatment was repeated for 3 times,and field plot experiments were carried out.The soil moisture content,heat capacity,thermal conductivity,thermal diffusivity and temperature of each plot were measured.The results showed that the application of biochar significantly reduced the soil thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity,and the more the application amount,the lower the value of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity.The heat capacity was firstly decreased and then increased with the increase of the amount of biochar applied.Soil water content fluctuated greatly by rainfall and freezing,and decreased with the increase of biochar content in the absence of precipitation and freezing conditions,while increased with the increase of biochar content in the freezing-thawing period at low temperature.All the thermal parameters were basically consistent with the variation trend of water content,and the thermal parameters of BC1 and BC4 were significantly positively correlated with water content(P<0.05).The soil temperature in 5 cm section increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of biochar application amount.The soil temperature in the 20 cm section decreased with the increase of biochar application amount.The thermal conductivity and thermal diffusion of all treatments were significantly positively correlated with the soil temperature in the 5 cm section(P<0.05),and significantly positively correlated with the soil temperature in the 20 cm section(P<0.01).It can be seen that biochar affected the change of soil thermal properties in farmland mainly by affecting water content,and the degree of influence was related to the application amount of biochar.The addition of wheat straw biochar could affect soil temperature in farmland by affecting soil thermal properties.

关 键 词：生物炭 土壤热性质 土壤含水率 土壤温度 

分 类 号：S152[农业科学—土壤学]