餐厨垃圾生物炭、炭基肥对种植芥菜土壤细菌群落结构的影响  

Effects of kitchen biochar and biochar-based fertilizer on soil bacterial community structure of mustard planting

作　　者：黄家庆 叶菁[1,2] 陈彪 翁伯琦[1,2] 王义祥[1,2] HUANG Jia-qing;YE Jing;CHEN Biao;WENG Bo-qi;WANG Yi-xiang(Agricultural Ecology Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou Fujian 350013;Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Process of Red Soil Mountain,Fuzhou Fujian 350013;Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou Fujian 350003)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所,福建福州350013 [2]福建省红壤山地农业生态过程重点实验室,福建福州350013 [3]福建省农业科学院农业工程技术研究所,福建福州350003

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第3期182-192,共11页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展专项(2021L3021);福建省科技厅公益项目(2020R11010028-3,2021R1021004);福建省农科院科技项目(ZYTS2021007,XTCXGC2021010)。

摘　　要：餐厨垃圾的炭化、肥料化利用是解决餐厨垃圾环境污染问题的有效途径之一。目前有关餐厨垃圾生物炭、炭基肥等肥效以及对土壤环境的影响还缺乏研究。餐厨垃圾生物炭分别与复合肥和农业废弃物制备炭基复混肥和炭基有机肥。利用盆栽试验比较研究等氮量输入下餐厨垃圾生物炭制肥对种植芥菜土壤理化性质和细菌群落结构的影响。与不施肥处理(对照组)相比,炭基有机肥处理仅降低菜园土壤pH 0.14~0.17。与化肥、有机肥和餐厨生物炭处理相比,炭基复混肥和炭基有机肥处理的土壤电导率增加幅度分别达到22.34%、36.73%、27.61%和18.67%、33.74%、24.20%,大幅增加菜园土壤盐分离子的总量。与化肥、餐厨生物炭和炭基复混肥处理相比,有机肥和炭基有机肥处理的可溶性有机碳增加幅度分别达到25.33%、22.07%、23.05%和14.87%、11.15%、12.28%。炭基复混肥和炭基有机肥处理较餐厨生物炭处理可溶性总氮增加了16.39%和7.63%。炭基有机肥处理可提高菜园土壤电导率、可溶性有机碳和可溶性总氮的含量,并且不加剧菜园土壤的酸化。Proteobacteri、Actinobacteria、Acidobacteria、Chloroflexi和Bacteroidetes为门水平上的优势菌,Sphingomonas、Lysobacter、Arthrobacter、Gemmatimonadaceae、Gaiella、Massilia、Roseiflexaceae和Xanthobacteraceae为属水平上可识别的优势菌,并且Arthrobacter、Gaiella和Roseiflexaceae的丰度在不施肥、化肥、有机肥、餐厨生物炭、炭基复混肥和炭基有机肥处理间有显著差异(P<0.05)。较其它处理,炭基有机肥可增加菜园土壤细菌的多样性(不施肥处理除外)和丰度,并且能大幅增加差异指示细菌个数。与单独添加餐厨生物炭、无机化肥或者有机肥相比,餐厨生物炭与无机化肥或者有机肥的复配处理更有效地增加芥菜的产量和干生物量。基于餐厨垃圾生物炭和含有机质的农业废弃物制备的炭基有机The carbonization and fertilizer utilization of kitchen food waste was one of the effective ways to solve the problem of kitchen food waste environmental pollution.At present,there was still lack of research on the fertilizer efficiency of kitchen waste biochar and biochar-based fertilizer,including their impact on the soil environment.The kitchen waste biochar was mixed with compound fertilizer and agricultural waste to prepare the biochar with compound fertilizer(BCF)and biochar with organic fertilizer(BOF),respectively.A pot experiment was conducted to comparatively study the effects of fertilizers produced from different kitchen waste biochar on soil physicochemical characters and bacterial community structure of mustard planting under the same nitrogen input.The BOF treatment only reduced the vegetable soil pH value by 0.14~0.17 as compared with no fertilization(NF)treatment(control group).Compared with chemical fertilizer(CF),organic fertilizer(OF)and kitchen biochar(KB)treatment,the soil electrical conductivity(EC)of BCF and BOF treatments increased by 22.34%,36.73%,27.61%and 18.67%,33.74%,24.20%,respectively,which significantly increased the total salt ion content of vegetable soil.Compared with CF,KB and BCF treatments,the dissolved organic carbon(DOC)of OF and BOF treatments increased by 25.33%,22.07%,23.05%and 14.87%,11.15%,12.28%.The dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)of BCF and BOF treatments increased by 16.39%and 7.63%as compared with KB treatment.The BOF treatment could enhance the soil EC,DOC and DON,but without increasing the vegetable soil acidification.Proteobacteri,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteria,Chloroflexi and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacteria at the phylum level;Sphingomonas,Lysobacter,Arthrobacter,Gemmatimonadaceae,Gaiella,Massilia,Roseiflexaceae and Xanthobacteraceae were the dominant bacteria that could be recognized at the genus level.In addition,there were significant differences in the relative abundance of Arthrobacter,Gaiella and Roseiflexaceae among treatments of NF,CF,OF,KB,BCF a

关 键 词：餐厨垃圾生物炭 炭基有机肥 芥菜 土壤理化特征 细菌群落结构 

分 类 号：S637[农业科学—蔬菜学] S154.3[农业科学—园艺学]