我国猪粪中四环素类抗生素残留及好氧堆肥消减研究进展  

Advances in residues of tetracyclines and its degradation by aerobic composting in pig manure in China

作　　者：白金顺[1] 王伟红 李艳丽[1] 李兆君[1] 赵林萍[1] BAI Jin-shun;WANG Wei-hong;LI Yan-li;LI Zhao-jun;ZHAO Lin-ping(Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;China Agricultural Science and Technology Press Cooperation Limited Comnany,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京100081 [2]中国农业科学中国农业科学技术出版社有限公司,北京100081

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第3期231-238,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFF0213503);中国农科院科技创新工程(G202112-6)。

摘　　要：我国是世界生猪养殖第一大国,四环素类抗生素在生猪养殖中普遍使用,其中大量以原体或代谢物形式排出体外,对生态环境和人体健康产生极大风险。通过梳理国内相关研究结果,综述了猪粪中四环素类抗生素残留水平及其对土壤和作物的污染风险,分析了好氧堆肥技术对猪粪中四环素类抗生素的消减效率及其影响因素,提出了未来需要重点研究的方向。结果表明,我国不同地区对猪粪中四环素类抗生素残留均有报道,残留量在0~493.3 mg·kg^(-1)之间,检出率为41%~100%,对农田土壤污染和作物生长形成潜在风险;好氧堆肥技术对猪粪四环素类抗生素残留有明显消减作用,消减效率为27.3%~96.8%,消减效率受堆体理化性状和微生物特性因素综合影响;未来应加强消减技术标准、环境安全阈值、生物转化机制等方面的研究,为猪粪无害化处理和资源化利用提供理论依据和技术参考。China is the largest country of pig breeding in the world.Tetracyclines are widely used in pig breeding,and most of them are excreted in the form of plasma or metabolites,which brings great risks to the ecological environment and human health.By combing the domestic research results,the level of tetracyclines residues in pig manure and its pollution risk to soil and crops were reviewed.The degradation efficiency of aerobic composting technology on tetracycline antibiotics in pig manure and its influencing factors were analyzed,the future research directions were put forward.The results showed that the residues of tetracycline antibiotics in pig manure were reported in different regions of China,and the residues ranged from 0 to 493.3 mg·kg^(-1).The detection rate was from 41%to 100%,which was a potential risk to agricultural soil pollution and crop growth.Aerobic composting had a significant degradation effect on antibiotics in pig manure,and the reduction rate was between 27.3%and 96.8%.The degradation efficiency is affected by the physical and chemical properties and microbial characteristics.In the future,it is necessary to strengthen the research work on reduction technology standards,environmental safety threshold and biotransformation mechanism,so as to provide theoretical basis and technical reference for the harmless treatment and resource utilization of animal manures.

关 键 词：猪粪 好氧堆肥 四环素 抗生素消减 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]