小麦抗旱节水生理和遗传育种研究进展  

Research Progress on Drought Resistance and Water Saving Physiology and Genetic Breeding of Wheat

作　　者：张军 吴秀宁 王新军 ZHANG Jun;WU Xiu-ning;WANG Xin-jun(College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Engineering/Qinling Plant Breeding Center of Shangluo City,Shangluo University,Shangluo726000,Shaanxi;College of Agriculture,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang471000,Henan)

机构地区：[1]商洛学院生物医药与食品工程学院/商洛市秦岭植物良种繁育中心,陕西商洛726000 [2]河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳471000

出　　处：《商洛学院学报》2022年第2期7-13,共7页Journal of Shangluo University

基　　金：陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目(21JK0613);商洛市秦岭植物良种繁育中心专项科研项目。

摘　　要：小麦是世界范围内主要的粮食作物,干旱是当前农业生产的最主要气象灾害。以国内外近20年的文献为基础,从小麦抗旱节水性鉴定指标、小麦耗水特征、抗旱节水小麦分子机理和抗旱节水小麦品种培育及栽培技术等四个方面,对小麦抗旱节水生理和遗传育种的研究进展做了综述。认为根据区域降雨特点建立对应小麦抗旱节水性评价体系,灌溉区和雨养农业区要采用不同栽培措施来提高产量和水分利用效率(WUE),通过基因工程育种可实现特定性状的精确高效的改良是小麦抗旱节水的重要研究方向。Wheat is the main food crop in the world,and drought stress is the most important meteorological disaster in current agricultural production.Based on nearly 20 years of domestic and foreign literature,the research progress of water saving physiology and genetic breeding is reviewed from four aspects:identification indicators of wheat drought resistance and water saving,wheat water consumption characteristics,molecular mechanism of drought resistance and water saving wheat,and breeding and cultivation techniques of drought-resistant and water-saving wheat varieties.It is believed that a corresponding drought-resistance and water-saving evaluation system of wheat should be established according to the regional rainfall characteristics,different cultivation measures should be adopted in irrigated and rain-fed agricultural areas to improve yield and water use efficiency(WUE),and specific traits could be modified accurately and efficiently through genetic engineering breeding has become an important research direction for wheat drought resistance and water saving.

关 键 词：小麦 抗旱 节水性 耗水特征 分子机理 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]