基于颗粒阻尼机理的钢轨动力吸振器设计研究  

Design of Rail Dynamic Vibration Absorber Based on Particle Damping Mechanism

作　　者：李艳[1] LI Yan(China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co.Ltd.,Wuhan Hubei 430063,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司,湖北武汉430063

出　　处：《铁道建筑技术》2022年第4期41-45,共5页Railway Construction Technology

基　　金：中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司科研课题(2021K083,2020K155)。

摘　　要：本文提出一种基于颗粒阻尼机理的钢轨动力吸振器,并针对钢轨前两阶pinned-pinned共振模态所处频率建立有限元模型,得出结构的优化参数。结合离散元软件,根据颗粒阻尼结构的频变阻尼比建立有限元钢轨模型,计算颗粒阻尼动力吸振器安装前后的钢轨速度导纳及振动衰减率,推断出颗粒阻尼钢轨在一阶pinned-pinned共振峰峰值处振动衰减率较低,在整体频段内拥有更宽的控制范围;利用有限元与边界元仿真结果计算钢轨的声功率级,得出颗粒阻尼动力吸振器在大于500 Hz频率下能起到良好的降噪效果,而在1 100 Hz频率处效果达到最优的结论,验证了颗粒阻尼钢轨动力吸振器具备良好的减振与降噪性能。A rail dynamic vibration absorber based on particle damping mechanism is proposed in this paper. According to the frequency of the first two pinned-pinned resonance modes of the rail, the finite element model is established, and the structural optimization parameters are obtained. Combined with the discrete element software, the finite element rail model is established according to the frequency-varying damping ratio of the particle damping structure, and the rail velocity admittance and vibration attenuation rate before and after the installation of the particle damping dynamic vibration absorber are calculated. It is concluded that the particle damping rail has a lower vibration attenuation rate at the first-order pinned-pinned resonance peak and has a wider control range in the overall frequency band. In addition, the simulation results of finite element and boundary element are used to calculate the sound power level of rail. It is concluded that the particle damping dynamic vibration absorber can play a good noise reduction effect at the frequency greater than 500 Hz, and the effect is the best at the frequency of 1 100 Hz. It is verified that the particle damping rail dynamic vibration absorber has good vibration reduction and noise reduction performance.

关 键 词：钢轨 动力吸振器 颗粒阻尼 振动衰减率 减振降噪 有限元 

分 类 号：TB535.1[理学—物理] U213.4[理学—声学]