国家精英的再生产与中亚政治转型  

Reproduction of National Elites and Political Transformation in Central Asia

作　　者：孙超[1,2] Sun Chao

机构地区：[1]中共江苏省委党校国际问题研究 [2]中心华东师范大学俄罗斯研究中心

出　　处：《俄罗斯东欧中亚研究》2022年第2期25-52,166,167,共30页Russian，East European & Central Asian Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“冷战后欧亚地区民族分离运动比较研究”(19CGJ014)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中亚各国独立以来大多走向超级总统制,权力继承问题成为中亚政治稳定的关键。中亚建政初期通过制度设计与协调以及主权问题的解决,政治强人与精英逐渐形成默契。在经济转型、“去俄罗斯化”与民族国家建设中,中亚政治领袖形成长执政模式,国家精英集团完成了政权的合法性构建。各国政治精英配合中亚政治强人进行社会工程构建,在国家现代化、拓展行政权力、形成恩庇网络以及构建新市民社会上达成一致,加强了超级总统制的韧性。中亚政治精英在适应中亚政治演进过程中形成了与中亚政治强人良好的共生关系模式,新的国家精英在体制优势中不断获得市场和社会优势。中亚政权的平稳过渡并未改变政治强人的庇护网络与精英再生产,在疫情引发的不确定性下,政治安全风险更为凸显。Since independence, most central Asian countries have moved towards super presidential system, and power inheritance has become the key to political stability in Central Asia. Through system design and adjustment and the consolidation of sovereignty,political strongmen and elites gradually form a tacit understanding. In the process of economic transformation,“de-russification”,and nation-state construction,the long-term ruling mode of political leaders in Central Asia and the national elite group have completed the construction of the legitimacy of political power. The political elites of various countries cooperated with political strongmen in social construction,and reached an agreement on national modernization, expanding administrative power,forming a shelter network and building a new civil society, which strengthened the toughness of the super presidential system. Political elites and political strongmen form a good symbiotic relationship,and the new national elites continue to gain market and social advantages in the advantages of the system. The smooth transition of political power in Central Asia has not changed the asylum network of political strongmen and elite reproduction. Under the uncertainty caused by the epidemic,the political security risk is more prominent.

关 键 词：精英政治 中亚 政治转型 权力更替 

分 类 号：D736[政治法律—政治学]