普京时期俄罗斯议会职权的演变——以宪法修改为视角  

The Evolution of the Functions and Powers of the Russian Parliament during Putin’s Period: From the Perspective of Constitutional Amendment

作　　者：马天骄[1] Ma Tianjiao

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学(研究生院)

出　　处：《俄罗斯东欧中亚研究》2022年第2期71-84,168,共15页Russian，East European & Central Asian Studies

摘　　要：1993年《俄罗斯联邦宪法》确立了俄罗斯的政治体制是总统集权下的三权分立,同时也规定了俄罗斯议会作为立法机关的地位。这一地位就决定了其职能重在立法。俄罗斯议会为巩固政权而存在,而西方议会旨在限制执政者权力,这是俄罗斯议会与西方议会在本质上的区别,但也是俄罗斯国家长治久安与长远发展的必要条件。俄罗斯历史上也作出过旨在提高议会地位与实际权力的努力。但实践表明,议会权力过大或者实行议会制不仅不适合俄罗斯的政治土壤,而且会导致国家机器停止运转,甚至陷入瘫痪。尤其是叶利钦时期,立法机关与行政机关长期对立导致国家陷入僵局,这一失败教训使普京认识到,只有巩固和不断完善以总统权力为核心的政治体制,才可满足俄罗斯政治稳定与发展的需要。因此,立法机关要与行政机关进行合作;议会职权大小也要随社会转型的需要而不断变化,时而扩大,时而缩小,但无论扩大和缩小到何种程度,都始终要纳入总统的控制之下。The constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993 established that Russia’s political system is the separation of powers under the presidential centralization,and also stipulated the status of the Russian parliament as a legislature. The Russian parliament exists to consolidate political power,while the Western parliament aims to limit the power of the ruling party,which is not only the essential difference between the Russian parliament and the Western parliament,but also the necessary condition for the long-term stability and long-term development of the Russian country. In Russian history,there have also been efforts aimed at improving the status and actual power of Parliament. However, practice shows that excessive parliamentary power or parliamentary republic is not suitable for Russia’s political situation,but will lead to the shutdown of the state machine or even paralysis. During Yeltsin ’s period, the legislature and the executive were opposed for a long time,and the country was at an impasse. This failure lesson made Putin realize that only by consolidating and continuously improving the political system with the presidential power as the core,can Russia meet the needs of political stability and development. Therefore,the legislature should cooperate with the executive. The size of Parliament ’s functions and powers should also change with the needs of social transformation,but no matter what extent it is expanded or reduced,it should always be under the control of the president.

关 键 词：俄罗斯议会 国家杜马 宪法修改 普京 

分 类 号：D951.2[政治法律—法学] DD911