俄罗斯对非军售评估  

An Evaluation of Russia’s Arms Sales to Africa

作　　者：徐国庆[1] Xu Guoqing

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院西亚非洲研究所

出　　处：《俄罗斯东欧中亚研究》2022年第2期85-109,168,169,共27页Russian，East European & Central Asian Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项2021年度重大招标项目“《非洲通史》(多卷本)”(LSYZD21022)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：俄罗斯是世界军事强国,继承了苏联绝大部分军事遗产,国防工业实力强大。但冷战结束初期俄罗斯政治经济的快速转型与外交调整,给军工发展与国际战略环境造成严重的负面影响。自普京执政以来,俄罗斯致力于推行全方位大国外交理念,并将军火出口作为实现大国复兴战略夙愿的重要抓手。为开发非洲军火市场潜力,俄罗斯在政策制定、经济扶持、装备供应等方面都采取了诸多针对性措施。尽管俄罗斯在对非军售上受到自身经济与技术能力不足、遭遇美欧大国质疑与竞争等因素掣肘,但凭借与非洲国家的传统友好关系及武器装备性价比高的优势,俄罗斯在巩固非洲传统市场与扩展新兴军火市场方面取得了较好的成效。俄非军火贸易的强化一方面有利于非洲国家增强和平与安全能力建设,深化双方外交与战略合作,另一方面有助于展示俄罗斯防务装备的可信度,提升俄罗斯在非洲安全等议题上的发言权,改善俄罗斯大国形象。Russia is a world military power,inheriting most of the legacy of the Soviet Union,and has a strong national defense industry. However,the rapid political and economic transformation and diplomatic adjustment of Russia at the beginning of the end of the cold war had a serious negative impact on the development of military industry and the international strategic environment. Since Putin came to power, Russia has been committed to the concept of all-round great power diplomacy, and has taken arms export as an important means to realize the great power rejuvenation strategy. In order to develop the potential of African arms market,Russia has taken many targeted measures in policy formulation,economic support and equipment supply. Although Russia’s arms sales to Africa are constrained by factors such as its insufficient economic and technological capacity, questioning and competition from the United States and European countries,with its traditional friendly relations with African countries and the advantages of high cost performance of weapons and equipment,Russia has achieved good results in consolidating the traditional African market and expanding the markets of emerging countries. The strengthening of arms trade between Russia and Africa,on the one hand,is conducive to African countries to enhance peace and security capacity-building and deepen bilateral diplomatic and strategic cooperation;On the other hand,it helps to show the credibility of Russia’s defense equipment,enhance Russia’s voice on issues such as Africa security,and improve Russia’s image as a great power.

关 键 词：俄罗斯 非洲 军火出口 武器贸易 军火市场 

分 类 号：E512[军事—军事理论]