“帝国式主权”降临了吗?——特朗普主义的挑战与主权理论的未来  

Is There“Imperial Sovereignty”: The Challenge of Trumpism and the Future of the Theory of Sovereignty

作　　者：章永乐[1] Zhang Yongle(Peking University Law School)

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《开放时代》2022年第2期50-69,M0004,共21页Open Times

摘　　要：奈格里与哈特的《帝国》《诸众》和《大同世界》,建构了基于民族国家疆域和主权的“帝国主义”与去中心化、去疆域化的“帝国”之间的二元对立,认定民族国家的主权已经或正在演变为“帝国式主权”。这一主张尽管对于晚近的局部现象具有一定解释力,但其根本的理论逻辑与全球秩序的演变趋势存在紧张关系。特朗普政府祭出以“美国优先”为核心的“主权”话语,并将全球化带来的经济依存关系作为武器,推动全球价值链的重组,在很大程度上强化了中国与欧盟的“主权”话语。《帝国》《诸众》和《大同世界》中“民族国家主权”对“帝国式主权”这一二元对立的分析框架,难以把握当下不同国家围绕“发展权”所进行的霸权与反霸权、依附与反依附的斗争。当代中国更需要一种新的研究进路,对“主权”话语在不同语境下的使用方法及其与实践的关联展开分析,并将话语分析与政治经济学分析结合起来。In their books, Empire, Multitude, and Commonwealth, Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt have constructed the dichotomy between“imperialism,”which is based on the territory and sovereignty of the nation-state,and“empire,”which is the inevitable result of de-territorialization and de-centralization, arguing that the sovereignty of the nation-state has become, or is becoming,“imperial sovereignty.”Their theory can partially explain some local phenomena in recent times, but fundamentally deviate from the trend of the global order. The Trump regime resorted to the sovereignty discourse, with“America first”as the central slogan, and used the economic interdependence brought about by the previous wave of globalization as the weapon to reshuffle the global order and reorganize the global value chain. As an unintended by-product, it has inadvertently strengthened the sovereignty discourse of China and the European Union. The dichotomy between“the sovereignty of the nationstate”and“imperial sovereignty”in the works of Negri and Hardt can hardly grasp the ongoing struggle against hegemony and dependency of the various countries who are fighting for the right of development. The contemporary China is in need of a new approach capable of combining discursive analysis and politico-economic analysis to explore the use of the sovereignty discourse in different contexts and its relation to practice.

关 键 词：主权 民族国家 帝国 霸权 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学]