经济/社会的文类显现与衰退——回顾格尔茨在爪哇、巴厘岛的早期田野调查  

The Economical/Social Genre in the Earlier Stage of Fieldwork in Java and Bali: On the Margin of the Ethnographic Writings of Clifford Geertz

作　　者：马丹丹[1] Ma Danda(School of Sociology and Political Science,Shanghai University)

机构地区：[1]上海大学社会学院

出　　处：《开放时代》2022年第2期195-211,M0008,共18页Open Times

摘　　要：基于对乡民社会研究方法的总结,格尔茨在早期的东南亚田野调查中,探索经济现代化在东南亚如何可能以及东南亚社会如何实现它自身的“起飞经济”等问题。这些研究与韦伯的“宗教与经济”命题密切相关,也受到帕森斯社会体系思想的重要影响,建立在格尔茨覆盖爪哇的多个田野点调查基础之上以及爪哇和巴厘岛的比较之中,开拓了一系列经济/社会的类比修辞。这一文类变化多端,有理有据,文化与经济的关系借用阐释的方法,其问题意识鲜明而论证扎实。格尔茨确立“文化的解释”的研究导向肇始于巴厘岛的田野,在这类研究中,经济/社会文类的写作风格衰退,象征研究逐渐居于主导地位。想要了解他的早期研究也因此变得异常复杂。Based on his earlier fieldwork of southeastern area, Clifford Geertz tried to find out how it would be possible for new states of Southeastern to realize an economic take-off by which to attain modernity. This pursuit was highly coincided with the proposition of Max Weber on“religion and economy”and the idea of cultural system of Parsons through whom the theory of Weber was introduced to Geertz. Geertz created a series of colorful analogies between economy and society as a way of explaining economy through culture and religion. Such analogies could be grouped together as a kind of genre, and they go a long way towards crystallizing his synthetic analyses which have been conducted in a multidimensional(economic, political, religious) framework. I will treat his writings of cultural interpretation as the toned-down version of his earlier synthetic analyses encompassing cultural diversities and group differences in terms of economic behaviors, religion and morality. The orientation of "cultural interpretation" appeared in the field of Bali. With the rise of symbolic and aesthetic ideas in his cultural thoughts, the decline of economic/social genre was inevitable. This change complicates our understanding of his early research in Southeast Asia.

关 键 词：文类 经济现代化 宗教类型 文化体系 

分 类 号：C912.8[经济管理]