劳动力市场化对农民工教育收益率的影响  

Labor Marketization and Returns to Rural Migrant Workers’Education

作　　者：张世伟[1] 张君凯 林书宇 ZHANG Shiwei;ZHANG Junkai;LIN Shuyu(School of Business and Management,Jilin University,Changchun Jilin,130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学商学与管理学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《人口学刊》2022年第3期100-112,共13页Population Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目:人工智能等新技术对就业的影响和对策研究(20BJY051)。

摘　　要：农民工教育收益率较低并存在明显的地区差异。基于中国流动人口动态监测数据和劳动力市场化指数,本文运用工资方程的多层线性回归模型分析劳动力市场化及其主要维度(户籍管制和部门分割)对农民工教育收益率的影响。结果显示:农民工教育收益率约为3.19%,明显低于城镇职工的教育收益率;劳动力市场化对农民工教育收益率具有显著的积极影响,如果一个城市的劳动力数量配置指数比全国平均水平高出0.1,则该城市农民工的教育收益率将比全国平均水平高0.30%;户籍管制放松是导致农民工教育收益率提高的主要原因,而部门分割在经过多年的国有经济改革后不再是农民工教育收益率的重要影响因素;随着农民工受教育水平的提升,劳动力市场化对其教育收益率的促进作用将愈发显著;与女性和体力工作者相比,劳动力市场化对男性和技术工作者教育收益率的促进作用更为显著;随着劳动力市场化进程的推进,户籍开放度的省间差异大幅缩小,劳动力市场化的省间发展差异不再是导致农民工教育收益率省间差异的重要影响因素。因此,政府部门应在大力发展农村地区高中及以上教育的同时,积极推进劳动力市场化改革,这将有助于农民工教育收益率的显著提升,进而有助于农民工收入水平的显著提升。The returns to rural migrant workers’education are low and there are obvious regional differenc‐es.Based on CMDS and China’s labor marketization index,this paper analyzes the impact of labor marketi‐zation on rural migrant workers’education returns by Hierarchical Linear Model.The results show that:The rural migrant workers’educational returns is about 3.19%,which is significantly lower than that of urban workers.The development of labor marketization has a significant positive impact on the returns to rural migrant workers’education.If the labor quantity allocation index of a city is 0.1 higher than the national average,the returns to education of rural migrant workers in the city will be 0.30%higher than the national average.The loose control of the household registration system is the main reason why the progress of labor marketization promotes the increase of rural migrant workers’education returns,while the segmen‐tation of sectors is no longer an important factor of their education returns after years of state-owned eco‐nomic reform.With the improvement of rural migrant workers’education level,labor marketization will play an increasingly significant role in promoting their education returns.Compared with women and manu‐al workers,labor marketization has a more significant effect on the returns to men and technical workers.With the deepening of the household registration system reform nationwide,the provincial differences of hukou openness have been greatly reduced,leading to that labor marketization is no longer an important factor resulting in the provincial differences in rural migrant workers’education returns.Therefore,while vigorously developing high school and above education in rural areas,the government should actively promotes the reform of labor market,which will maximize the effectiveness of education,and thus contribute to the significant improvement of rural migrant workers’income.

关 键 词：劳动力市场化 教育收益率 农民工 多层线性回归模型 

分 类 号：C922[社会学—人口学]