中国历代政区分等及其现实意义  

Grade-determination of Administrative Division of China Through the Ages and Its Practical Significance

作　　者：华林甫[1,2,3] 胡存璐 Hua Linfu;Hu Cunlu(Institute of Qing History,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学,北京100872 [2]中国行政区划与区域发展促进会历史政区与地名文化专业委员会 [3]中国地理学会历史地理专业委员会 [4]中国人民大学清史研究所,北京100872

出　　处：《中国行政管理》2022年第3期90-97,共8页Chinese Public Administration

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目“清史地图集”(编号:12&ZD146);中国人民大学2021年度拔尖创新人才培育资助计划。

摘　　要：中国历代政区分等制度,自秦汉至1949年一直实行了两千余年,分等对象主要是统县政区和县级政区,分等标准呈现出由单一指标向综合指标发展的大势,其中户口数一直是政区分等的重要指标,提高首都与边疆的政区等第是常用做法,从唐宋开始进行等第动态调整,清朝认识到等第要保持总量平衡。这些都具有历史文化的借鉴价值。当前政区情况复杂,不同市、县在各方面差异较大,历代政区分等制度可以提供借鉴与启示。秉承古为今用原则,把握历史发展规律,本文提出地级市可分四至五等,县级政区可统一分为上、中、初三等的建议,为当今政区改革提供新的思路。The administrative districts of all dynasties have been implementing the grading system for more than 2000 years from the Qin and Han Dynasties to 1949.Grade-determination of administrative division belongs to the excellent Chinese cultural tradition and conforms to China’s national conditions.The grading objects are mainly prefecture and county-level administrative districts.The grading standard shows the general trend of developing from a single index to a comprehensive index,in which the population number has always been an important index It was a common practice to improve the political order of the capital and border areas.There were dynamic adjustment of the grade from Tang and Song Dynasties.The ancients could not realize that same grade amount should keep total balance until the time of Qing Dynasty.The situation of administrative division is complex now and varies greatly from city to city and county to county in various ways.The grade system of administrative division in previous dynasties can provide reference and enlightenment for today.In line with the principle of using the past for the present and grasping the laws of historical development this paper proposes that prefecture-level cities can be divided into four to five grades,and county-level administrative districts can be uniformly divided into upper,middle and lower grades.It is necessary to cancel the name of “county-level city” and abolish the “city governing the city” so as to provide new ideas for today’s administrative division reform.

关 键 词：历代政区分等 政区改革 同级升格 越级升格 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]