闽南农村宗族互助养老:内在基因、现实困境及功能发挥  

Mutual-Aid Service among Senior Citizens in the Rural Clan of Southern Fujian:Inherent Gene,Realistic Dilemma and Function Exertion

作　　者：黄健元[1] 骆旭峰 HUANG Jianyuan;LUO Xufeng(School of Public Administration,Hohai University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 211100)

机构地区：[1]河海大学公共管理学院,江苏南京211100

出　　处：《长白学刊》2022年第3期120-129,共10页Changbai Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“流动老年人口家庭代际团结关系及支持政策研究”(17ARK003)。

摘　　要：闽南宗族文化是宗族组织内在基因的呈现,既传承着中华传统乡土文化的秉性,又兼备闽南地区的特质。承载文化记忆的内在基因构建组织制度,培育“人情”价值观,织密多缘组织网络,发挥着凝聚、教化、导向、调节等功能,形塑出“角色型”“制度型”两种宗族互助养老方式。随着社会变迁,传统宗族互助养老面临着人口流动、礼俗褪化、机制不适、供需矛盾等诸多困境,导致基因功能弱化。但闽南宗族文化基因蕴含着中华优秀传统文化,仍具有时代价值,可依托乡村振兴战略,激活宗族文化基因,发挥基因功能,弘扬孝老、敬老、爱老的传统美德。坚持政府为主导,宗族自治为主体,在个人和家庭的基础上,鼓励社会力量等多元主体参与,嵌入“时间银行”互助养老机制,同时加强专业技能培训,提高互助服务水平,以助推农村宗族互助养老持续发展,成为抵御银发浪潮,具有中国特色、地区特性的农村养老服务的有益补充形式。The clan culture of Southern Fujian is the presentation of the inherent genes of the clan organization,which not only inherits the characteristics of traditional Chinese rural culture,but also has the characteristics of Southern Fujian.The internal gene carrying cultural memory constructs the organizational system,cultivates the values of“human relationship”,weaves a dense network of multi-related organizations,plays the functions of cohesion,education,guidance and regulation,and forms two mutual-aid services among senior citizens in the rural clan,namely“role type”and“institution type”.With social changes,traditional mutual-aid service among senior citizens is facing many difficulties such as population migration,declining etiquette and customs,unsuitable mechanisms,and contradiction between supply and demand,which leads to the weakening of gene function.However,the Southern Fujian clan cultural gene contains the excellent traditional Chinese culture,which still has the value of the times.It can rely on the rural revitalization strategy to activate the clan cultural gene,exert the gene function,and promote the traditional virtues of filial piety,respect and love for the senior citizens.We should adhere to the government as the leading role and clan autonomy as the main body,encourage the participation of diverse subjects such as social forces on the basis of individuals and families,embed the“time bank”mechanism of mutualaid service among senior citizens,and strengthen professional skills training and improve the level of mutual-aid services.These developments have become a useful supplementary form of mutual-aid service among senior citizens in rural areas with Chinese characteristics and regional characteristics to resist the wave of silver hair.

关 键 词：农村宗族文化 互助养老 基因功能 

分 类 号：D669.6[政治法律—政治学] F323.89[政治法律—中外政治制度]