温室黄瓜育苗中生物菌肥的促根壮秧及化肥减施效果  

Effects of microbial fertilizers on promoting plant growth and reducing chemical fertilizer inputs during the production of greenhouse cucumber seedlings

作　　者：剌世凯 李佳璠 杜丽春 高丽红 田永强 LA Shi-kai;LI Jia-fan;DU Li-chun;GAO Li-hong;TIAN Yong-qiang(College of Horticulture,China Agricultural University,Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Development Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学园艺学院,设施蔬菜生长发育北京市重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2022年第2期469-475,共7页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000300);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2021BBF02005);现代农业产业技术体系(国家大宗蔬菜)专项(CARS-23)。

摘　　要：以温室黄瓜穴盘苗为对象,研究了不同营养液浓度(1倍、1/2倍、1/4倍和0倍)下不同生物菌肥[丰田宝(FTB)、地福来(DFL)、植动力(ZDL)、自制菌肥(ZZ)]的促根壮秧及化肥减施效果。结果表明:与不施肥和单施生物菌肥相比,生物菌肥与营养液混施均提高了黄瓜幼苗的株高、茎粗、叶片数及壮苗指数,其中100%营养液+ZZ处理最为显著。在适度化肥减施50%(1/2倍营养液)、75%(1/4倍营养液)条件下,不同生物菌肥均能够有效促进黄瓜幼苗生长和提升壮苗指数(SQI),1/4倍条件下ZZ和FTB分别提高壮苗指数28.7%、22.3%,1/2倍条件下DFL和ZDL分别提高壮苗指数15.3%、44.2%;ZZ处理在低营养液浓度(1/4倍)下总根长达到25.2 m,相较于CK(不施生物肥)根长13.1 m来说ZZ处理可显著增加根系长度(P<0.05);在维持稳定的壮苗指数(0.199,以1倍营养液+CK为基准)的前提下,ZZ和FTB可减少化肥施入量约75%,而DFL和ZDL可减少50%。此外,与CK相比,ZZ在1/2倍、0倍营养液浓度下,及FTB在1倍营养液浓度下显著增加幼苗第1片真叶叶绿素含量。综上所述,为了在化肥减施的基础上实现促根壮秧,建议自制菌肥和丰田宝生物菌肥与1/4倍营养液配套施用,而地福来生物菌肥和植动力生物菌肥与1/2倍营养液配套施用。Taking greenhouse cucumber plug-seedlings as the research objects,microbial fertilizers,such as Fengtianbao(FTB),Difulai(DFL),Zhidongli(ZDL),independently developed microbial fertilizers(ZZ),on promoting plant growth and reducing chemical fertilizer inputs were investigated under various nutrient solution levels(one-strength,half-strength,quarter-strength and zero-strength).The results showed that,compared with no fertilization and single application of microbial fertilizer,the mixed application of microbial fertilizer and nutrient solution increased the plant height,stem thickness,leaf number and seedling index of cucumber seedlings,and ZZ treatment with one-strength nutrient solution was the most significant.Under the condition of half-strength nutrient solution and quarter-strength,all microbial fertilizers could effectively promote the growth of cucumber seedlings and improve the seedling index(SQI).Under the condition of quarter-strength nutrient solution,ZZ and FTB increased the seedling index by 28.7%and 22.3%respectively.Under the condition of half-strength nutrient solution,DFL and ZDL increased the seedling index by 15.3%and 44.2%.Under the condition of low nutrien solution concentration(quarter-strength),the total root length in 22 treatment(25.2 m)was significantly higher than that in the control(13.1 m).On the premise of maintaining a stable seedling index(based on one-strength nutrient solution+CK,0.199),ZZ and FTB could reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer by about 75%,while DFL and ZDL could reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer by about 50%.In addition,compared with the control(CK),ZZ treatment under the condition of half-strength nutrient solution and zero-strenght nutrient solution and FTB treatment under the condition of one-strength nutrient solution significantly increased the chlorophyll content of the first true leaf.Taken together,to promote plant growth on the basis of reducing fertilizer application,it is suggested to apply ZZ and FTB under irrigation with quarter-strength nutrie

关 键 词：温室黄瓜 集约化育苗 生物菌肥 促生 化肥减施 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]