胜任需要挫败的“双刃剑”效应及干预策略:行为和认知神经科学视角  

The“double-edged sword”effect of competence frustration and intervention strategies:Behavioral and cognitive neuroscience perspectives

作　　者：方慧 付辉建 张慧君 FANG Hui;FU Huijian;ZHANG Huijun(School of Business Administration,Guangdong University of Finance,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510521,China;School of Management,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510520,China)

机构地区：[1]广东金融学院工商管理学院,广州510521 [2]广东工业大学管理学院,广州510520

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2022年第5期1005-1017,共13页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72001050,31600931);广东省哲学社会科学规划一般项目(GD20CGL17,GD19CGL09);广东省普通高校特色创新类项目(2019WTSCX078);广东省普通高校创新团队项目(2020WCXTD002)。

摘　　要：胜任需要挫败是指个体觉得自己很失败或者感觉不能胜任工作。随着知识经济的快速发展,越来越多的新生代知识型员工在工作中遭受了短期或长期的胜任需要挫败。在经历胜任需要挫败后,员工在后续的工作中会越挫越勇还是一蹶不振?如果员工会越挫越勇,如何强化这一积极效应?如果员工会一蹶不振,如何规避这一消极后果?已有研究无法清晰地解答这些问题。因此,本研究基于自我决定理论,综合运用行为实验、认知神经科学实验和现场实验的方法,依次考察短期和长期的胜任需要挫败对后续任务自主动机的跨期影响,进而探讨并检验组织层面的发展性反馈、自主性支持以及个体层面的成就目标导向等干预策略的有效性。研究结果拓展了胜任需要挫败和自主动机的相关研究,有助于指导企业对员工的胜任需要挫败问题进行科学管理和干预,有益于员工有效应对胜任需要挫败,充分激发其自主工作动机。Competence frustration refers to the feelings of inadequacy or failure.A growing number of the new generation of knowledge workers are experiencing short-term or long-term competence frustration.After their experience of competence frustration,what is going on the knowledge worker’s motivation in the subsequent task.If the experience of competence frustration has a positive effect on the subsequent work,how can we reinforce it?If the experience of competence frustration makes negative consequences,how can we avoid or restore it?Existing researches fails to clearly answer these questions.Based on the self-determination theory,this study is intended to uncover the intertemporal effect of competence frustration on one’s autonomy motivation by integrating different approaches(e.g.,behavioral experiment,cognitive neuroscience experiment and field experiment).In addition,this study will examine the effectiveness of intervention strategies such as developmental feedback and autonomous support from both the organizational perspective,as well as changing one’s achievement orientation from the individual perspective.The findings of the present study will extend our knowledge on competence frustration and autonomous motivation.They will provide important guidance for managers to intervene competence frustration,and help employees to cope with competence frustration and boost their autonomous motivation.

关 键 词：神经管理学 胜任需要挫败 自主动机 自我决定理论 事件相关电位技术 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C93[哲学宗教—心理学]