双柱立式车床横梁结构轻量化设计研究  

Research on lightweight design of cross beam structure of double-column vertical lathe

作　　者：姜淑凤[1,3] 贾瑞超 王俊峰 高福生 JIANG Shufeng;JIA Ruichao;WANG Junfeng;GAO Fusheng(School of Mechanics and Electronics Engineering,Qiqihar University,Qiqihar 161006,China;Qiqihar Heavy CNC Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Qiqihar 161005,China;Heilongjiang Center for Collaborative Innovation in Smart Manufacturing Equipment Industrialization,Qiqihar 161006,China)

机构地区：[1]齐齐哈尔大学机电工程学院,齐齐哈尔161006 [2]齐重数控装备股份有限公司,齐齐哈尔161005 [3]黑龙江省智能制造装备产业化协同创新中心,齐齐哈尔161006

出　　处：《现代制造工程》2022年第4期143-148,共6页Modern Manufacturing Engineering

基　　金：黑龙江省省属本科高校基本科研业务费科研创新团队项目(135409102);黑龙江省省属本科高校基本科研业务费智能机床研究院专项项目(145109406);齐齐哈尔大学学位与研究生教育教学改革研究项目(JGXM_QUG_2020010)。

摘　　要：机床横梁为现代立柱式机床主要支撑部件,目前的横梁设计存在自身质量过重及横梁刚度有待提升等问题。以DVT250型双柱立式车床为研究对象,预设计不同种类车床横梁结构,研究横梁的受力变形情况与固有频率值;根据车床应用中实际工况进行静力特性分析及模态分析,以横梁质量最小化为目标,根据仿真结果进行相对密度法拓扑优化设计,根据拓扑优化的材料分布结果及生产工艺性确定横梁减质位置,通过分析对比多组(多种类)横梁仿真分析数据后确定菱形筋板结构为最佳横梁筋板结构。优化结果为:车床所用的最优横梁结构减重比为4.81%,受力最大变形降低率为12.62%,静刚度提升了6.52 N/μm;优化后横梁1阶~6阶固有频率分别提升了16.30、22.42、10.83、13.45、26.46和20.48 Hz,前6阶固有频率值均出现不同程度的提高。The beam of the machine tool is the main supporting component of modern column-type machine tools.The current design of the beam has some problems,such as its own weight is too heavy and the stiffness of the machine tool beam needs to be improved.Taking the DVT250 double-column vertical lathe as the research object,the machine tool beam structure of different types of lathes were pre-designed,and the force and deformation conditions and natural frequency values of the machine tool beam were studied.Static characteristics analysis and modal analysis were carried out according to the actual working conditions in the lathe application.According to the simulation results,the relative density method topology optimization design was carried out with the goal of minimize the beam quality,and the degraded position of the beam was determined according to the topology optimized material distribution results and production technology.After analyzing and comparing multiple groups(various types)of beam simulation analysis data,it was determined that the diamond-shaped stiffened plate structure is the best beam stiffened plate structure.The optimization results are as follows:the optimal beam structure reduction ratio used by the lathe is 4.81%,the maximum force deformation reduction ratio is 12.62%,and the static stiffness increases by 6.52 N/μm;after optimization,the nature frequencies of the first to sixth orders of the beam are increased by 16.30,22.42,10.83,13.45,26.46,and 20.48 Hz respectively,and the first 6-order natural frequency values are all increased to varying degrees.

关 键 词：机床轻量化 筋板结构 静态分析 模态分析 

分 类 号：TH113[机械工程—机械设计及理论]