科学与军事:日本科学共同体对军事研究的态度形成与演变  

Science and Military:Formation and Evolution of the Japanese Scientific Community’s Attitudes toward Military Research

作　　者：翟一达 Zhai Yida

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院

出　　处：《日本学刊》2022年第2期91-117,162,163,165,166,共31页Japanese Studies

摘　　要：战后日本有关科学与军事的关系是一个充满争议的主题。以代表日本科学共同体的日本学术会议发表的三次关于科学与军事的声明为线索,可以探究日本科学界对军事研究的态度、特征及其形成背景、演变原因。出于对二战时期科学家协助军国主义侵略战争的反思,日本式和平主义在科学界的影响表现为采取反对科学家参与军事和国家安全保障相关研究的立场,这与世界大多数国家迥然相异。这一立场长期约束了日本科学与军事的关系。但是,随着日本国内保守政治势力突破军事活动的界限、外部安全形势的复杂化以及日本政府对大学教育和研究资助的削减,日本科学界对军事研究的态度变得更为多元化,尤其年轻科学家对于参与军事技术开发可能导致的负面后果的警惕降低。日本科学共同体对待军事研究的态度演变,作为一个窗口,反映了在国内外政治变局中,“和平宪法”塑造的日本式和平主义正面临着挑战。The relationship between science and military in Japan after World War Ⅱ is a subject full of controversy and has undergone changes.The three statements on science and military issued by the Japanese Academic Conference on behalf of the Japanese scientific community can reflect the attitude,characteristics,formation background and evolution reasons of the Japanese scientific community towards military research.Reflecting on scientists’ assistance to militarist aggression during world War Ⅱ,the influence of Japanese pacifism in the scientific community is opposed to scientists’ participation in research related to military and national security,which is quite different from most countries in the world.This stance has long constrained Japan’s relationship between science and the military.But as Japan’s conservative political forces break through the boundaries of military activities,the external security situation is complicated and the Japanese government to university education and research funding cuts,Japan’s scientific attitude to military research has become more diversified,especially for young scientists involved in the military technology development may lead to reduce the negative consequences of vigilance.The evolution of the attitude of the Japanese scientific community towards military research,as a window,reflects that the Japanese pacifism shaped by the "pacifist constitution" is facing challenges in the political changes at home and abroad.

关 键 词：日本学术会议 军事研究 集体自卫权 武器出口三原则 科学共同体 日本式和平主义 

分 类 号：E0-05[军事—军事理论] D731.3[政治法律—政治学]