麻核桃坚果表型性状分析  

Analysis of Nut Phenotypic Traits of Juglans hopeiensis

作　　者：余务刚 肖良俊 吴涛 李贤忠[1] 宁德鲁 YU Wu-gang;XIAO Liang-jun;WU Tao;LI Xian-zhong;NING De-lu(Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland Sciences,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学,云南昆明650224 [2]云南省林业和草原科学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2022年第2期40-45,50,共7页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项(2018ZG001)。

摘　　要：为了揭示麻核桃坚果表型的变异规律,筛选商品一致性较好的品种,以目前市场上常见的9个麻核桃品种为研究对象,观察坚果的形状、颜色、纹路、质地,以及果顶和果底情况;测量坚果的横径、纵径和棱径,计算果形指数和三径均值,并对这些表型性状进行变异分析、相关分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。变异分析结果显示,‘白狮子头’单果重为22.41 g,‘鸡心’横径为37.43 cm、果形指数为1.07,‘白狮子头’纵径为38.98 cm、棱径为41.34 cm、三径均值为38.99 cm,指标值均高于其他品种;‘白狮子头’的单果重变异系数为15.94%,‘公子帽’的果形指数变异系数为4.13%,‘满天星’的三径均值变异系数为5.47%,指标值均较小。相关分析结果显示,麻核桃的果形指数与其他5个性状均相关不显著,其中与单果重、纵径和棱径呈负相关;单果重与横径、纵径、棱径和三径均值均呈极显著正相关,且三径之间及其与三径均值之间的相关性也均达到了极显著正相关。主成分分析结果显示,‘白狮子头’‘满天星’‘苹果园狮子头’和‘南将石’综合得分靠前,4个品种的坚果形状、个头和单果重等综合评价较好。聚类分析结果显示,当欧氏距离为5时,9个麻核桃品种可以分为4类,‘满天星’‘苹果园狮子头’‘大官帽’和‘白狮子头’为第一类,‘鸡心’和‘南将石’为第二类,‘虎头’和‘细纹狮子头’为第三类,‘公子帽’单独为一类;当欧式距离为10时,上述第一类和第二类聚为一类,第三类和第四类聚为一类,说明其亲缘关系较近。不同品种麻核桃的表型性状存在较大差异,‘满天星’和‘白狮子头’果实较大且表型性状符合玩家审美,其单果重和三径均值的变异系数均较小,遗传多样性较差,果形丰富度小,商品一致性较好,适合农户种植增产增收。In order to reveal the variation law of nut phenotype and screen the varieties with good commodity consistency,the shape,color,grain,texture,top and bottom of 9 common Juglans hopeiensis varieties in the market were observed.The transverse diameter,longitudinal diameter and edge diameter of nuts were measured,the fruit shape index and the mean value of three diameters were calculated,and these phenotypic traits were analyzed by variation analysis,correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis.The results of variance analysis showed that the single fruit weight of‘Baishizitou’was 22.41 g,the transverse diameter of‘Jixin’was 37.43 cm and the fruit shape index was 1.07,and the longitudinal diameter of‘Baishizitou’was 38.98 cm,the edge diameter was 41.34 cm,and the three-diameter mean value was 38.99 cm,and all these index values were higher than those of other varieties.The variation coefficient of single fruit weight of‘Baishizitou’was 15.94%,that of fruit shape index of‘Gongzimao’was 4.13%,that of three-diameter mean value of‘Mantianxing’was 5.47%,and the index values were small.The results of correlation analysis showed that the fruit shape index of J.hopeiensis had no significant correlation with the other five traits,which was negatively correlated with single fruit weight,longitudinal diameter and edge diameter.The single fruit weight had a very significant positive correlation with the transverse diameter,longitudinal diameter,edge diameter and the three-diameter mean value,and the correlation between the three diameters and the three-diameter mean value also was very positively significant.The results of principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive scores of‘Baishizitou’,‘Mantianxing’,‘Pingguoyuanshizitou’and‘Nanjiangshi’were high,and the nut shape,size and single fruit weight of the four varieties were better.The result of cluster analysis showed that when the Euclidean distance was 5,the nine walnut varieties could be divided int

关 键 词：麻核桃 表型性状 变异分析 相关分析 主成分分析 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]