不同采收时期酸枣品质的积累规律  

Accumulation Law of Quality of Wild Jujube at Different Harvest Stages

作　　者：姜涛 刘灵娣[1] 温春秀[1] 谢晓亮[1] 雷京奇 温赛群 田伟[1] JIANG Tao;LIU Ling-di;WEN Chun-xiu;XIE Xiao-liang;LEI Jing-qi;WEN Sai-qun;TIAN Wei(Institute of Cash Crops,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050051,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所,河北石家庄050051

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2022年第2期46-50,共5页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河北省现代农业产业技术体系山地中药材栽培岗位项目(HBCT2018060203);国家科技支撑计划项目(2017YFC1700702);河北省农林科学院创新工程项目(2021-2-3-3);省部共建秦药特色资源研究开发国家重点实验室(培育)开放课题(QY202102);河北省中药资源信息化管理关键技术研究与平台建设(203777120D)。

摘　　要：研究酸枣农艺性状的变化以及品质指标的积累规律,可以为酸枣的综合开发利用以及采收时间的确定提供参考依据。2020年7月中旬至9月底,在河北省邢台市大约每15 d采收1次酸枣叶和酸枣果实,共取样6次,采用常规方法测定了酸枣的农艺性状,并利用液相色谱仪测定了酸枣叶、酸枣肉和酸枣仁的皂苷A和斯皮诺素含量。结果表明:7月中旬至8月中旬是酸枣果实的快速生长期,其各组成部位的物质均快速积累,其中百果重在8月中旬达到最高,百核重在9月下旬达到最高,而百仁重在9月中旬即达到最高且之后一直保持在最高水平。7月中旬至9月底,酸枣叶、酸枣肉、酸枣仁的皂苷A含量分别为0.036%~0.056%、0.031%~0.042%和0.041%~0.080%,其中,酸枣叶的指标值除9月底外其他时间均超过0.04%,酸枣肉的指标值除8月中下旬外其他时间均低于0.04%,而酸枣仁的指标值始终高于0.04%且自9月中旬开始一直稳定在0.08%的最高水平;斯皮诺素含量分别为0.134%~0.145%、0.058%~0.086%和0.098%~0.142%,其中,酸枣肉的指标值除8月上旬外其他时间均达不到《中国药典》的含量要求(0.08%),酸枣仁的指标值在7~8月超过0.13%、9月底虽降至最低但仍能达标,酸枣叶的斯皮诺素含量变化规律不明显但同一采收时期指标值始终最高。酸枣叶的开发价值有待进一步挖掘,其在7月中旬至8月中旬采收时药用价值更高;以收获酸枣仁为目的时,酸枣果实的适宜采收期为9月中下旬。The study on the changes of agronomic characters and the accumulation law of quality indexes of wild jujube can provide reference basis for the comprehensive development and utilization of wild jujube and the determination of harvest time.From mid July to the end of September 2020,the leaves and fruits of wild jujube were collected once every 15 days in Xingtai City,Hebei Province.A total of 6 times were sampled.The agronomic properties of wild jujube were determined by conventional methods,and the contents of saponin A and spinozin in wild jujube leaves,flesh and kernels were determined by liquid chromatography.The results showed that the rapid growth period of wild jujube fruit was from mid July to mid August,and the substances in each component parts accumulated rapidly.Among them,the weight of 100 fruits reached the highest in mid August,the weight of 100 cores reached the highest in late September,and the weight of 100 kernels reached the highest in mid September,and then remained at the highest level.From mid July to the end of September,the content of saponin A in wild jujube leaves,flesh and kernel was 0.036%-0.056%,0.031%-0.042%and 0.041%-0.080%,respectively.Among them,the index value of leaves exceeded0.04%except the end of September,and the index value of flesh was lower than 0.04%except the middle and late August.However,the index value of kernel was always higher than 0.04%and remained at the highest level of 0.08%since mid September.The content of spinolin was 0.134%-0.145%,0.058%-0.086%and 0.098%-0.142%respectively.The index value of flesh could not meet the content re quirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(0.08%)except in the first ten days of August.The index value of kernel exceeded 0.13%from July to August.Although it decreased to the lowest at the end of September,it could still meet the standard.The change law of spinolin content in leaves was not obvious,but the index value was always the highest in the same harvest period.The development value of wild jujube leaves needs to be further explored

关 键 词：酸枣 百仁重 斯皮诺素 皂苷A 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]