饲粮类型和日龄对小体型优质肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响  

Effects of Diet Types and Ages on Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality of Small-sized Meat Ducks

作　　者：白蒙 董钊绮 杨宝龙 庄重 江勇 白皓[1] 王志秀 宋倩倩 王兆山 王维 田立余 陈国宏[1,3] 常国斌 BAI Meng;DONG Zhaoqi;YANG Baolong;ZHUANG Zhong;JIANG Yong;BAI Hao;WANG Zhixiu;SONG Qianqian;WANG Zhaoshan;WANG Wei;TIAN Liyu;CHEN Guohong;CHANG Guobin(College of Animal Science and Technology,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009;Shuyang Zhongke Poultry Breeding Ltd.,Suqian,Jiangsu 223600;Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety,Ministry of Education,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]沭阳众客种禽有限公司,江苏宿迁223600 [3]扬州大学农业科技发展研究院,教育部农业与农产品安全国际合作联合实验室,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《中国家禽》2022年第4期58-64,共7页China Poultry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31902174);江苏现代农业(水禽)产业技术体系(JATS[2021]326);江苏省自然科学基金青年项目(BK20190902)。

摘　　要：为比较两种不同饲粮类型和日龄对小体型优质肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响,试验选择3000只小体型优质肉鸭的母鸭,分别饲喂高蛋白高钙磷饲粮(A饲粮)和低蛋白低钙磷饲粮(B饲粮),每周抽样称重,并于42、49和56日龄随机挑选12只母鸭进行屠宰,测定屠宰性能和肉品质。结果显示:35日龄后,平均体重随着日龄增加明显升高(P<0.05);腿肌率和腹脂率随日龄增加逐渐降低(P<0.05),而胸肌率逐渐增加(P<0.05);胸腿肌的pH1h和pH24h随日龄增加逐渐降低(P<0.05),而b*值逐渐增加(P<0.05),且A饲粮组b*值高于B饲粮组;随着饲养日龄增加,胸腿肌水分与脂肪含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.05);而饲喂B饲粮肉鸭胸腿肌水分和脂肪逐渐降低,且饲喂B饲粮肉鸭胸腿肌的蛋白质含量高于A饲粮(P>0.05);胸肌蛋白质含量随日龄增加逐渐增加。综上,在本试验条件下,通过饲喂低蛋白低钙磷饲粮和增加饲养时间可以改善小体型优质肉鸭肉品质。To study the effects of diet types and ages on growth performance, slaughter performance and meat quality of small-sized meat ducks, a total of 3 000 female duck were selected and fed with high-protein-and-calcium-phosphorus diet(feed A) and low-protein-and-calcium-phosphorus diet(feed B), respectively. The ducks were weighed weekly, and 12 ducks were selected for slaughter at 42, 49 and 56 days of age to determine slaughter performance and meat quality. The results showed that after 35 days of age, the average body weight increased significantly with the increase of age(P<0.05). The percentages of leg muscle and abdominal fat decreased gradually with the increase of age(P<0.05), while the breast muscle rate increased gradually(P<0.05). The p H1hand p H24hof breast and leg muscles decreased gradually with the ages increase(P<0.05), while the b*value increased gradually(P<0.05), and the b*value of feed A was higher than that of feed B. With the increase of ages, there was a significant negative correlation between water and fat content(P<0.05). However, the moisture and fat content in breast and leg muscle of feed B were gradually decreased, and protein content in muscle of feed B was higher than that of feed A(P<0.05). The protein content of breast muscle gradually increased with the ages. In summary, under the conditions of this experiment, meat quality of small meat duck could be improved by feeding low-protein-and-calcium-phosphorus diet and increasing feeding time.

关 键 词：小体型优质肉鸭 饲粮 日龄 生长性能 屠宰性能 肉品质 

分 类 号：S831.5[农业科学—畜牧学]