美国还是“整个世界”?——爱伦·坡与美国民族文学建构新论  

America or the “World at Large”:A New Study on Poe and the Construction of American National Literature

作　　者：王二磊[1,2] Wang Erlei(School of Foreign Languages,Zhejiang Gongshang Unvuersity,Hangzhou 310018)

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学外国语学院,杭州310018 [2]浙江师范大学人文学院

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2022年第5期130-136,150,159,160,共10页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：浙江省社科基金重大项目“西方文学思潮发展史”(22YSXK03ZD)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：爱伦·坡在19世纪40年代与纽约文学民族主义组织“青年美国”的短暂结盟和他对新英格兰诗人亨利·朗费罗的严厉批判,常被视为其主动建构美国民族文学的力据。事实上,在这两个看似独立、实为密切关联的事件中,爱伦·坡与前者的交好和与后者的交恶并非以铸造美国性、凝聚民族认同和构建民族叙事为鹄的,而是源自于个人利益的驱使、对公平竞争的坚守和对美学原则的捍卫。就民族与文学的关系而言,爱伦·坡批驳美国19世纪主流文学唯民族主题的狭隘性,将“整个世界”视为“唯一合法”的创作舞台,展现出他对世界文学与人类共同命运思索的高瞻意识和博大情怀。Edgar Allan Poe’s temporary alliance with New York nationalistic literary group, “Young America”, in the 1840 s and his harsh attacks against Henry Longfellow, are regarded as the evidence of his voluntary construction of American national literature. In fact, in the two seemingly independent but actually intimately connected events, Poe’s friendship with the former and hostility towards the latter, is not aiming at forging Americanness, national identity and the making of national literature, but is driven by his personal interests and a defense of fair play and his own aesthetic principle. As for the importance of nation and literature, Poe denounces the narrowness of the national theme in the mainstream of 19 th century American literature and regards “the world at large” as “the only legitimate stage for the autorial histrio”, which reflects his farsightedness and profound concerns on the common destiny of mankind and world literature.

关 键 词：爱伦·坡 民族文学 “青年美国” 朗费罗 世界文学 

分 类 号：I712.06[文学—其他各国文学]