中国油料作物收获和储存损失测算及其资源环境影响评估  

On farm harvest and storage losses of oil crops and the impact on resources and environment in China

作　　者：罗屹 LUO Yi(Center for Price Cost Investigation,National Development and Reform Commision,Bejing 100045,China)

机构地区：[1]国家发展和改革委员会价格成本调查中心,北京100045

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2022年第2期249-256,共8页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家粮食公益性行业科研专项(201513004);国家自然科学基金面上项目(71973137);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-43)。

摘　　要：受自然资源条件约束,减少产后损失成为增加供给、保障国家安全的重要举措。基于22省(区、市)784户农户的调研数据,本文首先估计中国大豆、油菜籽、花生等三大油料作物收获和农户储存环节损失水平;其次,比较不同地区、不同收获方式、不同储存设施条件下的油料作物收获和农户储存损失差异;最后,分析油料作物收获和农户储存损失对资源环境的影响。研究发现:(1)中国主要油料作物的收获损失在4%~5%之间,农户储存损失在1%~3%之间;其中,大豆、油菜籽、花生的收获损失分别为4.75%、4.97%、4.02%,这三类作物的农户储存损失分别为2.67%、1.11%、1.15%。(2)不同地区、不同收获方式、不同储存设施条件下的油料作物收获和农户储存损失存在差异。(3)主要油料作物的收获和储存损失对资源和环境产生巨大影响,三类油料作物的收获和储存损失相当于浪费86.10万吨食用油,无端消耗土地126.12万公顷、化肥16万吨、水资源71.52亿立方米,产生碳排放137.31万吨。Limited by natural resources,reducing post-harvest loss has become an important method to protect national food security.Based on the survey data of 784 rural households in 22 provinces,we first estimated the harvest and storage loss of three major oil crops in China,include soybean,rapeseed and peanut.Second,we compared the differences of harvest and storage loss of three oil crops between different regions,harvesting methods and storage facilities.Third,we measured the impact of the harvest and storage losses of oil crops on resources and environment.The results showed that:(1)the harvest losses of soybean,rapeseed and peanuts were 4.75%,4.97%and 4.02%,respectively;and the storage losses of these three oil corps were 2.67%,1.11%and 1.15%,respectively.(2)There are significant differences in harvest and storage loss of oil crops between different regions,harvesting methods and storage facilities.(3)The harvest and storage losses of three major oil crops are equivalent to waste 0.86 mil‐lion tons of oil,1.26 million hectares of land,160 thousand tons of chemical fertilizers,7.15 billion m3 of water,and 1.37 million tons of carbon emissions.

关 键 词：油料作物 收获 农户储存 产后损失 资源环境 

分 类 号：F326.12[经济管理—产业经济]