新发展格局中的就业新趋势与结构性就业对策  

New Employment Trends and Structural Employment Countermeasures in the New Development Pattern

作　　者：潘英丽[1] Pan Yingli

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学安泰经济与管理学院,上海200030

出　　处：《探索与争鸣》2022年第3期140-147,179,共9页Exploration and Free Views

摘　　要：就业是中国最大的民生和新发展格局的核心。当前,我国主要面临当期低端劳动力过剩与高端劳动力稀缺、代际少子老龄化两类就业结构矛盾。尤其是当期结构矛盾减少了缴纳养老金的在职人数,加剧了代际结构矛盾。因此,缓解这两类就业矛盾要从改善当期劳动力结构入手。一方面,建议政府调整政策导向:将就业置于宏观目标首位;强化技能教育等人力资本投资;以优惠政策促进劳动密集型消费服务业发展和劳动互补型技术的开发和应用。另一方面,建议实施结构性就业政策:促进技能培训和劳务派遣相结合的现代消费服务公司发展,加快部分亏损国企集团内产业和就业转移、激励一些公务员下海创业,实现平稳有序、有组织的产业间就业转移。Employment is the core of China’s most important livelihood and new development pattern. At present, China is mainly faced with two types of employment structure contradictions: surplus low-end labor force, scarcity of high-end labor force, and intergenerational fewer children and aging. In particular, the current structural contradiction reduces the number of pensioners and intensifies the intergenerational structural contradiction. Therefore, to alleviate these two kinds of contradictions, we should start with improving the current labor structure. On the one hand, it is suggested that the government adjust the policy orientation;on the other hand, it is suggested to implement structural employment policy.

关 键 词：就业弹性 就业结构矛盾 政策导向 结构性就业政策 新发展格局 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济]