有机粉肥施肥机结构设计与优化  

Structural design and optimization of powdery organic fertilizer applicator

作　　者：苏丽达 常睿智 杨永海 SU Lida;CHANG Ruizhi;YANG Yonghai(Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Jilin University,Changchun 130025,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学机械与航空航天工程学院,吉林长春130025

出　　处：《实验技术与管理》2022年第4期77-83,共7页Experimental Technology and Management

摘　　要：针对有机粉肥易受潮结块、起拱,导致普通施肥机难以顺利播撒,现有播撒有机粉肥的设备落后、工作效率低等问题,设计了一款可以实现有机粉肥均匀播撒的施肥机。该研究首先建立了包括搅拌器、搅龙和肥箱的三维模型,对有机粉肥施肥机进行仿真实验,验证了机构的可行性同时也发现了排肥具有波动性。在此基础上,利用响应面法建立实验变量与响应值之间的回归模型并对结果进行分析,得出拟合方程。最终,在对拟合方程寻优后得出施肥机性能最佳的参数组合:搅龙转速70.5 r/min、搅拌转速15.8 r/min、叶片外径140mm、叶片螺距55mm、叶片相位角180°。与原始设计方案相比,优化后的结构与运动参数在施肥均匀性方面具有显著提升,回归模型预测结果与虚拟样机仿真结果吻合度好。该研究可以为有机粉肥施肥机的优化设计提供参考和理论依据。In view of the problems that the organic powder fertilizer is prone to moisture,caking and arching,which makes it difficult for ordinary fertilizer spreaders to spread smoothly.In addition,the existing equipment for spreading organic powder fertilizer is backward and the work efficiency is low,a fertilizer applicator which can realize the uniform spreading of organic powder fertilizer is designed.The mechanical structure which includes agitator,auger and fertilizer tank is established in the first place.The feasibility of the organization is verified by discrete element simulation experiment of the organic powder fertilizer applicator,which proves that the fertilizer discharge is volatility.On this basis,the regression model between experimental variables and response values is established by response surface method,and the results are analyzed to obtain the fitting equation.Finally,after optimizing the fitting equation,a combination of parameters for the best performance of the fertilizer applicator is obtained including auger speed 70.5 r/min,stirring speed 15.8 r/min,blade outer diameter 140 mm,blade pitch 55 mm,blade phase angle 180°.Compared with the original structure,the optimized structure and motion parameters perform better in uniformity of fertilization.The prediction result of the regression model is in good agreement with the simulation result of the virtual prototype.This research can provide reference and theoretical basis for the optimization design of organic powder fertilizer applicator.

关 键 词：有机粉肥 离散元仿真 施肥均匀性 响应面法 

分 类 号：S224.21[农业科学—农业机械化工程]