低蛋白质饲粮中添加构树全株发酵饲料对育肥猪脂肪沉积和肠道微生物组成的影响  

Effects of Low-Protein Diet Supplemented with Fermented Broussonetia papyrifera Feed on Fat Deposition and Gut Microbiota Composition of Finishing Pigs

作　　者：段格艳 宋博 陈晓安 郑昌炳 郑界 张仕宇 郭秋平[1] 李凤娜[1] 段叶辉[1,2] 印遇龙 DUAN Geyan;SONG Bo;CHEN Xiaoan;ZHENG Changbing;ZHENG Jie;ZHANG Shiyu;GUO Qiuping;LI Fengna;DUAN Yehui;YIN Yulong(Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Process in Subtropical Region,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100039,China;Hunan Lifeng Biological Technology Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,中国科学院亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,长沙410125 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100039 [3]湖南粒丰生物科技有限公司,长沙410125

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2022年第4期2186-2195,共10页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U19A2037);中国科协青年人才托举工程项目(2020QNRC001);湖南省自然科学基金优秀青年基金项目(2021JJ20044);广西省自然科学基金项目(2020JJA130102,2018JJB130239);长沙市杰出创新青年培养计划项目(kq2009020);湖南创新型省份建设专项(2019RS3022);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-35);中国科学院亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室开放课题(ISA2020203)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究低蛋白质饲粮中添加构树全株发酵饲料对育肥猪脂肪沉积和肠道微生物组成的影响。选取18头健康、体重[(63.53±0.40)kg]相近的三元杂交(杜洛克×长白×大白)阉公猪,随机分为3组(每组6头):1)正常蛋白质饲粮组(作为对照组,饲粮粗蛋白质含量为16%);2)低蛋白质饲粮组(饲粮粗蛋白质含量为13%);3)构树全株发酵饲料组(饲粮含10%构树全株发酵饲料,粗蛋白质含量为13%)。试验期为45 d。结果显示:与正常蛋白质饲粮相比,低蛋白质饲粮显著增加了体脂重量并显著降低了结肠中乙酸和丙酸浓度(P<0.05),但在低蛋白质饲粮中添加构树全株发酵饲料缓解了低蛋白质饲粮的这些作用。相关性分析显示,育肥猪体脂重量与结肠中乙酸和丙酸的浓度呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。此外,与低蛋白质饲粮相比,在低蛋白质饲粮中添加构树全株发酵饲料显著降低了结肠中脂肪生成相关基因的mRNA表达量(P<0.05),且显著增加了结肠中拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)的相对丰度(P<0.05),显著降低了结肠中厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的相对丰度(P<0.05),同时显著降低了结肠中尸胺和粪臭素的浓度(P<0.05)。综上可知,在低蛋白质饲粮中添加构树全株发酵饲料组可抑制育肥猪背脂合成,降低体脂重量,改善肠道微生物组成,增加结肠中乙酸和丙酸浓度。This study aimed to investigate the effects of low-protein diet supplemented with fermented Broussonetia papyrifera feed on fat deposition and gut microbiota composition of finishing pigs.Eighteen healthy and similar body weight[(63.53±0.40)kg]three-way cross-finishing pigs(Duroc×Landrace×Yorhshire)were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=6):1)normal protein diet group(as control group,dietary crude protein content was 16%);2)low protein diet group(dietary crude protein content was 13%);3)fermented Broussonetia papyrifera feed group(the diet contained 10%fermented Broussonetia papyrifera feed,and dietary crude protein content was 13%).The test period was 45 days.The results showed that compared with the normal protein diet,the low protein diet significantly increased the body fat weight and significantly reduced the concentration of acetic acid and propionic acid in colon(P<0.05),but diet supplemented with fermented Broussonetia papyrifera feed could alleviate these effects of low protein diets.The results of correlation analysis showed that the body fat weight of fattening pigs was significantly negatively correlated with the concentrations of acetic acid and propionic acid in colon(P<0.05).In addition,compared with the low protein diet,diet supplemented with fermented Broussonetia papyrifera feed significantly reduced the mRNA expression levels of gene related to adipogenesis(P<0.05),and significantly increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in colon(P<0.05),significantly decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes in colon(P<0.05),while significantly reduced the concentrations of cadaverine and skatole in colon(P<0.05).In summary,adding fermented Broussonetia papyrifera feed to the low protein diet can inhibit the synthesis of dorsal subcutaneous adipose,reduce the body fat weight,improve the composition of intestinal microbes,and increase the concentrations of acetic acid and propionic acid in colon of finishing pigs.

关 键 词：构树全株发酵饲料 低蛋白质饲粮 脂肪沉积 肠道微生物 育肥猪 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]