全株甘蔗(甘蔗尾)茎叶混合比例对其青贮品质和有氧稳定性的影响  

Effects of Mixing Ratio of Stems and Leaves of Whole Sugarcane(Sugarcane Tops)on Silage Quality and Aerobic Stability

作　　者：顾啟超 张洁 周晓康 郑一民[1] 邹彩霞[1] GU Qichao;ZHANG Jie;ZHOU Xiaokang;ZHENG Yimin;ZOU Caixia(College of Animal Science and Technology,Guangxi University,Nanning 530000,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学动物科学技术学院,南宁530000

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2022年第4期2557-2574,共18页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860661);广西科技计划项目(桂科AB16380175)。

摘　　要：本试验主要通过将全株甘蔗(甘蔗尾)茎叶分离后按照不同比例混合,探究对其青贮品质的影响,以期提高甘蔗(甘蔗尾)青贮品质,拓宽反刍动物饲料来源。试验1:将甘蔗尾茎叶分离后基于鲜重按照甘蔗尾(ST1)、100%叶+0茎(100L1)、100%茎+0叶(100S1)、75%茎+25%叶(75S1)、50%茎+50%叶(50S1)、25%茎+75%叶(25S1)比例分别混合;试验2:将全株甘蔗茎叶分离后基于鲜重按照全株甘蔗(WS)、100%甘蔗尾+0茎(ST2)、100%茎+0甘蔗尾(100S2)、75%茎+25%甘蔗尾(75S2)、50%茎+50%甘蔗尾(50S2)、25%茎+75%甘蔗尾(25S2)比例分别混合。青贮215 d后取样分析。结果表明:1)青贮完成后,ST1、100L1和25S1组粗纤维含量显著高于其他3组(P<0.05);ST1、100S1、75S1和50S1组未检测到大肠杆菌;100S1组乙酸、丁酸和乙醇含量最高;50S1组可溶性碳水化合物含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05);茎占比显著影响甘蔗尾青贮中氨态氮的含量(P<0.05),且25S1组最高;有氧暴露第1~4天,酵母菌数量在ST1和50S1组逐渐减少;有氧暴露第1~14天,大肠杆菌数量在75S1组中相对不变。2)青贮完成后,各组青贮pH均低于3.8;ST2组干物质、粗灰分和酸性洗涤纤维含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05),粗蛋白质、半纤维素和有机物含量显著低于其他组(P<0.05);ST2和25S2组粗纤维含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05);WS、100S2、75S2和50S2组未检测到大肠杆菌;100S2组乙酸、丁酸和乙醇含量最高;有氧暴露第1~6天,大肠杆菌数量在50S2组呈增加的趋势,而有氧暴露第6~14天呈下降的趋势;有氧暴露第1~14天,大肠杆菌数量在ST2组呈下降的趋势,酵母菌和霉菌数量在ST2和25S2组呈下降的趋势。综上所述,全株甘蔗(甘蔗尾)茎叶分离后通过调节茎含量能有效改善青贮的发酵品质和有氧稳定性,且甘蔗尾茎叶分离后分别按照甘蔗尾、75%茎+25%叶和50%茎+50%叶比例混合,全株甘蔗茎叶分离后分别按照100%甘蔗尾+0茎、50%茎+50%甘蔗尾和25%茎+75%�In this experiment,the stems and leaves of the whole sugarcane(sugarcane tops)were separated and mixed according to different ratios to explore the influence on the silage quality,in order to improve the quality of sugarcane(sugarcane tops)silage quality and broaden the source of feed for ruminants.Experiment 1:after the sugarcane tops’s stems and leaves were separated according to the sugarcane tops(ST1),100%leaves+0 stems(100L1),100%stems+0 leaves(100S1),75%stems+25%leaves(75S1),50%stems+50%stems(50S1),25%stems+75%stems(25S1)were mixed separately;experiment 2:separate the whole sugarcane’s stems and leaves according to the whole sugarcane(WS),100%sugarcane tops+0 stems(ST2),100%stems+0 sugarcane tops(100S2),75%stems+25%sugarcane tops(75S2),50%stems+50%sugarcane tops(50S2)and 25%stems+75%sugarcane tops(25S2)were mixed separately.Sampling and analysis after 215 days of silage.The results showed as follows:1)after silage,the content of crude fiber in ST1,100L1 and 25S1 groups was significantly higher than that in other three groups(P<0.05);the contents of acetic acid,butyric acid and ethanol in 100S1 group were the highest;the soluble carbohydrate content in 50S1 group was significantly higher than that in other groups(P<0.05);stem proportion significantly affected the content of ammonia nitrogen in sugarcane tops silage(P<0.05),and 25S1 group was the highest.During the 1 to 4 days of aerobic exposure,the number of yeasts in the ST1 and 50S1 groups gradually decreased;during the 0 to 14 days of aerobic exposure,the number of Enterobacteria in the 75S1 group was relatively unchanged.2)After silage,the silage pH in each groups was lower than 3.8;the contents of dry matter,ash and acid detergent fiber in the ST2 group were significantly higher than those in the other groups(P<0.05),and the contents of crude protein,hemicellulose and organic material were significantly lower than those in the other groups(P<0.001);crude fiber content in ST2 and 25S2 groups was significantly higher than that in other groups(P<0.05)

关 键 词：甘蔗尾 全株甘蔗 茎叶比 混合青贮 青贮品质 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]